紫甘薯花色苷色素抑制金黄色葡萄球菌作用初探

本实验研究紫甘薯花色苷色素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用.结果表明,紫甘薯花色苷色素对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制的最低浓度为200μg/ml.金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线和透射电镜观察表明,紫甘薯花色苷的抑菌作用可能是通过增强细胞膜的通透性,使细胞异常生长,抑制对数生长期的细胞分裂,使细胞质稀薄、解体,导致细胞死亡.SDS-PAGE分析表明,紫甘薯花色苷对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白表达影响不明显,未见特征性条带的消失,仅对部分蛋白质合成量有影响.     

甘薯气调保鲜最佳贮藏条件研究

将气调保鲜技术应用于甘薯的贮藏,研究不同的气调贮藏条件对甘薯保鲜效果的影响,筛选最佳气调贮藏条件,并将保鲜效果同普通冷藏对照组比较。结果表明:采用温度12℃,CO25.0%,O28.0%,相对湿度90%的气调贮藏条件,保鲜效果比普通冷藏对照组明显更好。气调贮藏150 d,感官新鲜饱满,不生根萌芽、不软腐、不糠心,好薯率提高15.8个百分点,失重率减少4.9个百分点,VC和β-胡萝卜素保存率分别提高24.8和21.8个百分点,呼吸曲线明显下移,刚入贮时提早5 d进入呼吸平稳期,所有呼吸强度值减少40%以上。     

不同预处理条件对低温真空油炸马铃薯片品质的影响

本研究采用理化测定及感官评分相结合的方法考察了预处理过程中切片厚度、冷冻温度、护色液三因素对低温真空油炸马铃薯片的感官及品质的影响。结果表明,切片厚度2 mm,冷冻温度-18～-20℃,0.1%柠檬酸护色液为最佳的预处理措施。     

紫色马铃薯薯条生产工艺的研究

以紫色马铃薯为原料,对丙烯酰胺含量低,色素保留较好的紫色马铃薯薯条生产工艺进行研究,得到最佳工艺为烫漂处理+微波真空冷冻。烫漂处理中最优护色剂组合为L-半胱氨酸浓度0.08%、柠檬酸浓度0.1%、氯化钙浓度125×10-6g/mL,浸泡时间10min;最佳烫漂温度70℃;烫漂时间5min。该工艺成品中未检出丙烯酰胺,色泽(E值)可降低到92.8739±5.3234。     

Combined effect of high pressure treatment and anti-microbial bio-sourced materials on microorganisms' growth in model food during storage

Antimicrobial bio-sourced films based on poly(lactic acid) containing either carvacrol or allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) were prepared and their antimicrobial properties were assessed on Botrytis cinerea during storage and after a high pressure (HP) “pasteurisation-like” treatment (up to 800 MPa at ambient temperature). A dry process (extrusion + thermomoulding) was used to shape the material. The high temperature encountered during film processing dramatically decreased the carvacrol and AITC content in the film, leading to a less efficient antimicrobial activity. The use of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to encapsulate the active compounds before film processing proved to be efficient to protect the AITC against thermal degradation and to control its release from the films during its use. PLA-based films containing either AITC or β-CD encapsulated AITC showed a significant activity against B. cinerea. An effective combination between the antimicrobial activity of AITC-based films and the high pressure treatment was observed on a model food system (PDA) inoculated with N × 10⁴ (N ~ 1–9) conidia of B. cinerea. An HP treatment of only 300 MPa associated with an antimicrobial PLA/β-CD system providing an initial quantity of active agents equivalent to 4 mg of AITC/L of air (i.e. almost 2 folds lower than the minimal inhibition concentration of the active packaging used alone, which was determined to be equal to 10 mg/L of air in the same conditions) was found more efficient (total inhibition of B. cinerea growth during 10 days) than an 800 MPa HP treatment used alone (increase of the lag phase growth of 3.3 days).

Industrial relevance

The consumer demand for “fresh like” product containing reduced amount of preservatives without compromising human and environmental safety needs the development of new preservation strategies. As a consequence, the concept of “hurdle technologies” has risen up. The combined effect of HP treatment and volatile antimicrobial packaging allowed the use of lower individual treatment intensities to inhibit B. cinerea growth. Combining such “hurdles” is of relevance in the context of development of low-cost and eco-friendly food technologies.     

酶法水解甘薯提取三种紫甘薯色素

甘薯俗称地瓜,是我国四大主要粮食作物之一,具有丰富营养价值,是我国人民喜爱的粮、菜兼用,物美价廉大众食品。自19世纪中期第一个人工合成有机色素问世以来,合成色素被大量应用于食品工业中,此后,由于合成色素安全性受到质疑,并确认部分合成色素具有潜在致畸、致癌及其它毒副作用,人们便把注意力转向天然色素。甘薯经冷冻、打浆、加酶、离心、浓缩、酒精沉淀等过程可得到甘薯色素,最适酶解条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量200U/mL,温度40℃,pH5,酶解时间20min;果胶酶和纤维素酶添加会破坏紫甘薯色素,碱性条件下紫甘薯色素会分解;酶法水解三种紫甘薯色素提取率分别为:美国黑薯1.25%,德国黑薯0.82%,花心薯1.09%。     

Acrylamide in daily food in the metropolitan area of Hanoi,Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Acrylamide, a colourless and odourless crystalline solid, formed via the Maillard reaction in food, has been reported with harmful properties for humans, such as toxicity and carcinogenicity. Three hundred and four processed food samples from 17 product types, collected in Hanoi, Vietnam, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the acrylamide concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of acrylamide were 1 µg Kg^?1 and 3 µg Kg^?1, respectively. Effectively, the highest acrylamide content is usually found in processed food, which is one of the primary reasons of increased acrylamide content in food. All French fried samples contained acrylamide above 500 µg kg^?1. Acrylamide concentration in non-fried noodle, vermicelli, rice noodle, ph?, dried vegetable, and rice cracker is lower than in potato chips, fried potatoes, fried cake, and fried noodles. The results could be helpful to estimate exposure and risk assessment of acrylamide in Vietnam.     

交联酯化甘薯淀粉特性研究

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(X-ray)研究了交联酯化甘薯淀粉的特性,结果表明,甘薯淀粉经过不同的交联酯化作用后,其糊化特性、颗粒形态外观特征和X-衍射图谱等发生明显的变化,并对其变化机理进行了分析。     

基于变异系数法分析四种改良剂对马铃薯面条品质的影响

通过单因素实验研究不同改良剂对马铃薯面条质构特性、拉伸特性与蒸煮特性的影响,利用变异系数法分析得到不同改良剂作用下各个指标所占重要性大小,并经过各指标的标准化值与权重的相关计算,得到4种改良剂对马铃薯面条品质影响的大小。结果表明:不同指标对马铃薯面条品质影响大小依次为:断条率（0.048） > 拉伸力（0.205） > 弹性（0.086） > 干物质损失率（0.065） > 黏聚性（0.048） > 拉伸距离（0.036） > 干物质吸水率（0.031） > 回复性（0.027） > 硬度（0.020）。不同改良剂对面条品质影响大小依次为:黄原胶（1.5467） > 谷朊粉（1.4304） > TG酶（1.3878） > 食盐（0.9818）。通过电镜观察,30%马铃薯粉面条添加改良剂食盐1.5%、黄原胶0.6%、TG酶0.6 U/g、谷朊粉8%,在此条件下制得的马铃薯面条微观结构得明显改善。变异系数法不仅可用于马铃薯面条品质改良研究,也可成为食品领域产品开发研究中指标选择的较好方法。     

通心薯类粉丝加工工艺及粉丝成型机具的研究

研究了薯类通心粉丝的加工工艺和通心粉丝成型机具的结构特点及工作原理,对其进行了性能试验。