电子纸技术及其研究现状与展望

就电子纸显示的基本原理和技术特征及其研究进展几个方面做了综合评述 ,并展望了电子纸在未来显示技术和设备中的应用前景。     

宁波市蛇蟠岛应急水源地建设与环境效应

在评价宁波市蛇蟠岛淡水资源量的基础上,估算其应急供水规模。通过构建地下水数值模型,预测在应急开采条件下地下水位恢复能力,并对应急开采产生的地下水降落漏斗、地面沉降和咸水入侵等环境效应进行了评价。结果表明,蛇蟠岛地下淡水具有应急水源地建设可行性,为该地区进一步勘查应急水源地提供了依据。     

卤素离子对铝合金阳极的活化作用

镓锡合金沉积子铝阳极表面，形成活化点，是含镓、锡铝合金阳极活化的根本原因。溶液中的卤素离子在氧化膜上的吸附及在其中的扩散也促进了铝电极的阳极溶解。合金元素及溶液中的阴离子通过改变铝电极表面的零电荷，影响着合金元素在铝电极表面的沉积的难易程度，从而影响着铝合金阳极的活化性能。     

浅谈变电运行中等电位倒闸操作的应用

倒闸操作是变电运行的重点和难点工作之一,倒闸操作的正确性直接关系到操作人员的人身安全及设备的安全运行,如果操作不当,将会导致整个电力系统处于崩溃的边缘,其重要性不言而喻。分析了倒闸操作的基本原理和存在的问题,并探讨了变电运行中等电位倒闸操作的具体程序。     

Rinsing effect of alkaline electrolyzed water on nickel surfaces

The improvement in the surface cleanliness of electroplated nickel by rinsing in alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) was determined. When the nickel plated sample was rinsed with the AEW, it was found that the amount of residual sulfate ion on the surface of a sample decreased approximately by half compared to one rinsed only with de-ionized pure water. Because nanosize hydrogen bubbles are present in the AEW, and the zeta-potential has a negative value, we then surmised that the mechanism of rinsing was as follows: The sulfate ions are selectively absorbed on the nanosize colloidal hydrogen bubbles, or substituted for anions absorbed on the hydrogen bubbles. The sulfate ions absorbed on the nickel surface then become detached. The detached sulfate ions are absorbed on the surface of the hydrogen bubbles, and negatively charge the hydrogen bubbles. It can be considered that any detached sulfate ions do not re-adhere due to the electrical repulsion force of the negatively charged nickel surface. Thus the sample is efficiently rinsed.     

基于势场栅格法的移动机器人避障路径规划

针对传统人工势场法应用于移动机器人避障路径规划存在的缺陷,建立了改进的人工势场模型,通过在障碍物的斥力势场函数中增加最小安全距离,同时考虑机器人与目标点的相对距离,成功地解决了障碍物附近目标不可达(Good Nonreachable with Obstacles Nearby GNRON)的问题。此外,针对传统人工势场法的局部极小点和障碍物附近目标不可达同时存在的问题,提出了以改进人工势场法为主,栅格法为辅的方案来实施避障,使得机器人能够尽快地脱离局部极小并成功地绕过障碍物到达目标点。采用栅格法对改进人工势场法做辅助决策,弥补了改进人工势场法的不足,使机器人能够顺利到达势场的全局最小点,提高了避障路径规划的安全性和可达性。论文利用Matlab进行了算法仿真,结果证明了所提方法的正确性和有效性。     

Metal effects in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Bond-order-conservation-morse-potential approach

We have applied the BOC-MP method to theoretically analyze the metal effects in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis by calculating the energetics of conceivable elementary steps (the relevant heats of chemisorption and the reaction activation barriers) during CO hydrogenation over the periodic series Fe(110), Ni(111), Pt(111), Cu(111). The basic steps such as dissociation of CO, hydrogenation of carbidic carbon, C-C chain growth by insertion of CH₂ versus CO into the metal-alkyl bonds, and chain termination leading to hydrocarbons (alkanes versus -olefins) or oxygenates are discussed in detail. It is shown that the periodic trends in the ability of metal surfaces to dissociate chemical bonds and those to recombine the bonds are always opposite. In particular, we argue that metallic Fe is necessary to produce the abundance of carbidic carbon from CO but the synthesis of hydrocarbons and oxygenates can effectively proceed only on carbided Fe surfaces which resemble the less active metals such as Pt. More specifically, we project that the C-C chain growth should occur predominantly via CH₂ insertion into the metal-alkyl bond and the primary FT products should be -olefins. These and other model projections are in agreement with experiment.     

国外聚氨酯硬泡发泡剂最新进展

零ODP(臭氧消耗能)发泡剂是在聚氨酯硬泡中替代CFCs的新一代发泡剂,阐述了美国、日本、欧洲CFCs替代的现状,并详细介绍了国外零ODP发泡剂的最新进展。     

釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型

通过对管束壳侧循环流动沸腾传热的分析，提出了管束沸腾传热的薄层蒸发传热增强贡献的计算公式，建立了釜式再沸器壳侧循环流动与管束传热的分格模型，利用此模型，对管束传热系数及循环流速进行了模拟计算。验证结果表明，由本模型计算所得管束沸腾传热系数与实验结果吻合较好。     

Proton diffusion in γ-manganese dioxide

Deconvolution of the electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) discharge curve has indicated the presence of a number of energetically different reduction processes. This has been used to determine the contribution of each reduction process to the total discharge. Using step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS), the i-t data were modelled as the sum of the discharge of the individual reduction processes. From this, A√ D for each reduction process as a function of degree of discharge was determined. The maximum A√ D values for each process ranged from 2.3×10⁻² to 4.0×10⁻⁴ cm³ s^−1/2 g⁻¹ values are consistent with previously reported values for A√ D, although in this case we have determined values for the entire compositional range.