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151.
采用传统的固相反应工艺制备了Cu掺杂的CaCu3Ti4O12(Cu-CCTO)陶瓷。采用Schottky热电子发射模型研究了其晶界特征。研究了保温时间对Cu-CCTO陶瓷的介电性能和晶界特征的影响。结果表明:保温时间从1 h延长到30 h,Cu-CCTO陶瓷在100 kHz下的介电损耗保持在0.135,相对介电常数由3 600增至20 000以上。随着保温时间的延长,Cu-CCTO陶瓷的I-V非线性系数由1.8增至3.37,但击穿电场强度却由1 500 V/cm降至约700 V/cm。随着保温时间的延长,Cu-CCTO陶瓷的势垒高度和耗尽层宽度均增加。 相似文献
152.
Potential characterization of deflected piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) is of great interest for current development of electromechanical nanogenerators that harvest ambient mechanical energy. In this paper, a Kelvin probe microscopy (KPM) technique hybridizing scanning KPM (SKPM) with atomic force microscope (AFM) surface‐approach spectroscopy methods for characterizing in‐plane piezoelectric potential of ZnO microwires (MWs) is presented. This technique decouples the scanning motion of the AFM tip from sample topography, and thus effectively eliminates artifacts induced by high topographical variations along the edges of MWs/NWs which make characterization by conventional SKPM inappropriate or impossible. By virtue of the topography/tip motion decoupling approach, the electrical potential can also be mapped in a three‐dimensional (3D) spatial volume above the sample surface. Therefore, this technique is named 3DKPM. Through 3DKPM mapping, the piezopotential generated by a laterally deflected ZnO MW was determined by extracting the potential asymmetry from opposite sides of the MW. The measurement results agree well with theoretical predictions. Integrating an external bias to the MW sample allowed direct observation of piezopotential and carrier concentration coupling phenomenon in ZnO, opening a door toward quantitative microscopic investigation of the piezotronic effect. With further positioning refinements, 3DKPM could become a powerful technique for the characterization of piezoelectric potential and related effects in micro/nanostructures of high topographical variations, as well as development of MW/NW‐based piezoelectric nanodevices. 相似文献
153.
Z. -Q. Fang D. C. Look A. Krtschil A. Krost F. A. Khan I. Adesida 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2006,35(4):613-617
Extended defects on the top surface of a 250-μm-thick free-standing GaN sample, grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE),
were studied by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM). For comparison,
similar studies were carried out on as-grown HVPE-GaN samples. In addition to the commonly observed traps in as-grown HVPE-GaN,
the DLTS measurements on free-standing GaN reveal a very high concentration of deep traps (∼1.0 eV) within about 300 nm of
the surface. These traps show nonexponential capture kinetics, reminiscent of those associated with large defects, that can
accumulate multiple charges. The SSPM measurements clearly reveal the presence of charged microcracks on the top surface of
the sample. It appears that the “giant traps” may be associated with these microcracks, but we cannot rule out the involvement
of other extended defects associated with the near-surface damage caused by the polishing/etching procedure. 相似文献
154.
155.
Chi Zhang Tianzhao Bu Junqing Zhao Guoxu Liu Hang Yang Zhong Lin Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2019,29(41)
Tribotronics has attracted great attention as a new research field that encompasses the control and tuning of semiconductor transport by triboelectricity. Here, tribotronics is reviewed in terms of active mechanosensation and human–machine interfacing. As a fundamental unit, contact electrification field‐effect transistors are analyzed, in which the triboelectric potential can be used to control electrical transport in semiconductors. Several tribotronic functional devices have been developed for active control and information sensing, which has demonstrated triboelectricity‐controlled electronics and established active mechanosensation for the external environment. In addition, the universal triboelectric power management strategy and the triboelectric nanogenerator‐based constant sources are also reviewed, in which triboelectricity can be managed by electronics in the reverse action. With the implantation of triboelectric power management modules, the harvested triboelectricity by various kinds of human kinetic and environmental mechanical energy can be effectively managed as a power supply for self‐powered microsystems. In terms of the research prospects for interactions between triboelectricity and semiconductors, tribotronics is expected to demonstrate significant impact and potential applications in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems/nano‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), flexible electronics, robotics, wireless sensor network, and Internet of Things. 相似文献
156.
Angelo Accardo Francesco Gentile Federico Mecarini Francesco De Angelis Manfred BurghammerEnzo Di Fabrizio Christian Riekel 《Microelectronic Engineering》2011,88(8):1660-1663
Polymeric (PMMA) ultrahydrophobic surfaces with contact angles up to about 170° have been fabricated and used in the context of synchrotron radiation experiments on biological droplets. The different microfabrication processes included either an optical lithography phase followed by a plasma texturing one or a single step deep reactive ion etch attack.The drying of several biological solution droplets has been monitored. Room temperature evaporation experiments (lysozyme, lactalbumin, cytochrome C, doxorubicin and synthesized peptides) finally result in the formation of easily detachable hollow residuals because of the low interaction between the ultrahydrophobic substrate and the aqueous droplet while pilot experiments (bovine insulin) in a sitting-drop environment bring to the formation of well defined crystals. Recent results about in situ X-ray diffraction experiments by SAXS & WAXS (Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering) μ-beam techniques confirm that the presence of such surfaces influences the formation of crystal or fibril structures. These substrates represent indeed a suitable support to study biological and inorganic droplets in a near contact-free environment exploiting the homogeneous evaporation rate induced by the ultrahydrophobicity of the system. 相似文献
157.
158.
牵引回流及钢轨电位分布,是关系牵引供电系统安全的重要数据,在高速铁路中,随着牵引负荷的增加.无砟轨道的采用,钢轨电位及电流变化很大。我国高速铁路多采用AT供电方式,有必要对AT供电方式牵引回流和钢轨电位做全面分析。该文针对电气化铁路AT供电方式,通过对牵引回路建立数学模型和计算仿真,得到了牵引回流和钢轨电位的计算公式及其分布规律,并根据分布规律提出了降低钢轨电位的措施。 相似文献
159.
The electroless nickel plating on an aluminum input/output (I/O) pad was investigated. The aluminum pad was pretreated in
a zincate solution prior to electroless nickel plating. Zinc particles on the aluminum pad gave a good adherent nickel layer.
The adhesion and uniformity of zinc on the aluminum is the key factor in under-bump metallurgy (UBM). The electrode potential
changes with and without zinc ions in the bath were measured to analyze the sequence of two competing reactions: zinc deposit
and hydrogen evolution. The relationship between aluminum dissolution and the ratio of zinc and NaOH was investigated. The
electroless nickel deposition rate was dependent on bath composition. The effects of complexing ligand and additive on the
nickel deposit were analyzed. Electrode potential changes were measured with time to confirm nucleation and grain growth.
Adhesion of the UBM was related to zinc-particle dissolution and nickel nucleation. The uniform nickel UBM was fabricated
on a real Al I/O pad. 相似文献
160.
Plamen Mollov Emil Maltschev und Ivana Petkantschin 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1996,203(1):43-46
Apple pulp suspensions to which different kinds of pectin in concentration up to 500 g.m–3 was added were studied electrophoretically. It was shown that the natural pectin exerts an essential influence upon the adsorption ability of the pectin added, and upon the electrokinetic potential of the tissue particles respectively. 相似文献