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41.
F.A Harraz 《Electrochimica acta》2002,47(8):1249-1257
The effect of chloride ions (Cl−) during the immersion plating of copper onto porous silicon (PS) from a methanol (MeOH) solution has been studied. The presence of Cl− in the Cu2+ solution was found to slow down the rate of copper deposition, as confirmed by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The threshold concentration of Cl− at which the deposition of copper is very severely diminished was found to be 0.1 M. The inhibition effect is discussed on the basis of the rest potential values of PS and polarization curve measurements. They revealed that the rest potential of PS upon dipping in these solutions appears to direct the metal deposition. Current density-potential curves show that at Cl− concentrations higher than 0.1 M, the reduction of Cu ions proceeds in two steps; the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) followed by the reduction of Cu(I) to Cu(0). This suggests that Cu(I) species in MeOH solution can be stable over a certain potential range and this stability of Cu(I) is responsible for the inhibition of metal deposition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed to investigate the structural changes and characterizations of PS samples after the plating process. 相似文献
42.
The interaction between denitrification and methanogenesis, with methanol functioning as an electron donor, has been examined through usage of a mixed culture system of denitrifying sludge and methanogenic sludge in an anaerobic bioreactor. Competition for methanol between these two kinds of biocommunity could not be observed, whereas methanogenesis was suppressed as long as nitrate and nitrite were made available in the mixed system. The inhibition of methanogenesis in the methanogenic sludge caused by nitrogen oxides was studied. The redox potential (Eh) of the culture was monitored and/or controlled for the sake of characterizing the behavior of the biocommunities. An addition of nitrite elevated the Eh of the culture less than nitrate did. Nitrite addition, however, exerted a stronger inhibitory effect on methanogenesis as compared to nitrate at the same concentration. The influence of redox potential on the methanation of methanol was examined by using a methanogenic sludge in the Eh-stat batch culture. The hypothesis that the inhibitory effect being expressed by the nitrogen oxides is not simply attributed to an elevation of the redox potential of the culture is supported by the experimental results. The toxic effect of the nitrogen oxides themselves could also have possibly contributed significantly. 相似文献
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瓶组气化站的建筑,结构设计关系到安全,满足使用要求和投资的大小,本文根据多年的实践和最新的有关设计规范的要求,阐述瓶组气化站建筑,结构设计的要点。 相似文献
45.
柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩干酪根13C核磁共振研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
柴达木盆地北缘是柴达木盆地三大油气区之一,其源岩为早、中侏罗世煤系地层.烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅲ1型和Ⅱ型干酪根为主,Ⅰ2型干酪根仅在局部地区有分布.通过对柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系烃源岩中不同类型干酪根的13C核磁共振研究,指出了研究区Ⅰ2、Ⅱ、Ⅲ1型干酪根的化学结构特征以及化学结构中“芳构碳”、“油潜力碳”与“气潜力碳”的相对含量,据此从定量分析的角度对不同类型干酪根的生油气贡献作了评价.Ⅰ2、Ⅱ、Ⅲ1型干酪根的生烃能力依次减弱,对生油的贡献也依次减弱,且生成油气的比例不同,Ⅰ2、Ⅱ型干酪根以生油为主,Ⅲ1型干酪根则以生气为主. 相似文献
46.
A direct measurement of the dynamics of electrons in the X6 valley for a GaAs crystal by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy is reported for the first time. IR picosecond probe pulses were used to monitor the growth and decay of the population in the X6 valley subsequent to excitation by a 527 nm pump pulse. The intervalley X6→Γ6, L6 scattering time tx of 0.70 ± 0.50 ps is determined and the crossection for the X6→X7 transition is estimated to be 1.8 × 10−16 cm2. 相似文献
47.
W. Fischer 《Progress in Organic Coatings》1993,22(1-4):181-193
Corrosion protection of organic coated steel is determined by free corrosion potential measurements and impedance spectroscopy. The results are classified by means of very basic considerations and evaluation figures are developed. These electrochemical data are correlated with the extent of the corrosion for each coating system. The evaluation figures are used for ranking coating systems and this ranking is correlated with the ranking with reference to the results of standardized and exposure tests. 相似文献
48.
感覆盖率是WSN系统中重要的性能指标之一。Sink节点的移动性能提高系统的传感覆盖率,人工势场能描述普通节点与Sink节点之间的关系。提出了一种利用人工势场方法有效的Sink节点移动控制策略,通过Sink节点的移动能够提高系统的传感覆盖率。普通节点搜集的数据能通过多跳的方式传送给Sink节点。在最初的随机部署之后,由人工势场产生的力迫使移动Sink节点移动到整个环境中的平衡点以获得更高的传感覆盖率。在整个算法执行过程中无需事先了解环境的情况,此方法能在实时的环境中采用。给出了具体的算法步骤,最后利用一个仿真实例对控制效果进行了说明。 相似文献
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