钢筋混凝土柱-H型钢斜梁结构有限元分析

钢筋混凝土柱-H型钢斜梁结构由混凝土和钢两种性能差异较大的材料构成,其受力性能相对复杂.针对大部分设计人员采用PKPM进行该结构设计的现状,笔者将ANSYS考虑大变形、非线性的计算结果引入.分析表明,因PKPM未考虑非线性等因素,故导致相同条件下水平推力和水平位移的计算结果存在较大偏差.     

声参数的高性能混凝土强度推定模型

为研究高性能混凝土的声波传播特性及实现其强度的快速、准确、无损检测,基于超声波检测方法,应用嫩江、多宝山附近的沙石料,对高性能混凝土对声波的扩散性及其抗压性能与声参量之间的模型关系进行了研究.建立了高性能混凝土抗压强度与声速之间的多种数学模型.通过实测检测数据进行验证,满足精度要求.高性能混凝土的非均质性降低,其抗压强度与声速相关性较好,用超声的方法完全可以实现强度的快速推定.同时,也为将来高性能混凝土地区强度推定曲线的建立奠定了研究基础.     

再生混凝土密肋复合墙体受力性能试验研究

对3榀1∶2比例模型,再生骨料取代率分别为100%、50%和0%的密肋复合墙体的力学性能进行对比试验.研究了再生混凝土密肋复合墙体的破坏机制、承载力、延性、刚度退化等性能.研究发现:墙体属于剪切破坏;最大水平承载力,50%取代率的墙体和普通混凝土墙体相比没有下降,而100%取代率墙体承载力下降18%;延性系数,随着取代率的增加而提高.试验表明:50%取代率密肋复合墙体具有良好的力学性能,应用于实际工程完全可行;而100%取代率墙体需慎用.     

A macro-meso constitutive law for concrete having imperfect interface and nonlinear matrix

The overall behavior of concrete depends on its meso structures such as aggregate shape, interface status, and mortar matrix property. The two key meso structure characters of concrete, bond status of interface and nonlinear property of matrix, are considered in focus. The variational structure principle is adopted to establish the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete. Specially, a linear reference composite material is selected to make its effective behavior approach the nonlinear overall behavior of concrete. And the overall property of linear reference composite can be estimated by classical estimation method such as self-consistent estimates method and Mori-Tanaka method. This variational structure method involves an optimum problem ultimately. Finally, the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete is established by optimizing the shear modulus of matrix of the linear reference composite. By analyzing the constitutive relation of concrete established, we find that the brittleness of concrete stems from the imperfect interface and the shear dilation property of concrete comes from the micro holes contained in concrete. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50679022, 90510017, 50539090) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714104)     

不同支护结构的实测土压力及其分析

通过对南京某大厦深基坑支护结构侧土压力的实测研究 ,分析和研究了软土地区悬臂支护结构、单层支点混合支护结构、连拱支护结构侧土压力分布的基本规律。     

专用丁苯胶乳对混凝土的改性

用自制的专用丁苯胶乳对混凝土进行改性,考察了聚合物与混凝土质量比(简称聚灰比)、水与混凝土质量比(简称水灰比)、消泡剂用量、养护条件和胶乳稳定性对改性混凝土性能的影响。结果表明,当聚灰比为12%、水灰比为35%、消泡剂质量分数为丁苯胶乳的3%时,且在混凝土浇铸后干养28d的条件下,改性混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度、黏结强度及抗渗性比未改性混凝土分别提高了6%,9%,85%,50%。稳定性越好的胶乳对改性混凝土的性能提高幅度越大。     

电化学除盐对混凝土微观结构的影响

设计了一套钢筋混凝土的电化学除盐循环装置,研究了用0.001 mol/L Li2B4O7 氢氧化钙饱和溶液、氢氧化钙溶液以及蒸馏水作电解液的除盐效率,并用SEM和EDS等方法进行微观结构分析,结果表明:用0.001 mol/L Li2B4O7 氢氧化钙饱和溶液作电解液最有利于混凝土中Cl-的排除,并且经电化学除盐处理后混凝土水化产物中C-S-H凝胶分解,Ca(OH)2增多,并在孔壁形成沉淀,堵塞毛细孔,使表层混凝土孔隙率降低,而钢筋与混凝土界面Ca/Si增大。     

面板堆石坝面板顺坡向挤压破坏机理的试验研究

本文针对面板堆石坝面板顺坡向挤压破坏的钢筋压曲凸起问题开展了试验研究,采用了配有单根立筋的混凝土柱受压试验来模拟面板顺坡向的挤压破坏。试验结果证实了以往研究中无箍筋钢筋混凝土立柱抗压强度低于素混凝土柱、且钢筋保护层厚度越小强度越低的推测。与素混凝土柱相比,保护层厚5 cm钢筋混凝土柱的强度降低约10％。根据试验的破坏荷载结果,通过已有理论解反推出了立柱的侧向支撑刚度k,对于保护层厚5 cm和8 cm立柱k值相应为0.841 N·mm^-2和1.032 N·mm^-2。经过试验结果分析,发现钢筋混凝土立柱各截面不服从应变平面假设,受压中钢筋没有同混凝土一起协调变形,钢筋与混凝土之间相互作用强烈。本研究结果再次说明,限制钢筋的侧向变形是防止面板顺坡向挤压破坏的根本措施。应开展可模拟混凝土中钢筋压曲的挤压破坏数值模拟研究,为这些措施的量化设计提供依据。     

Experimental study on temperature stress calculation and temperature control optimization of concrete based on early age parameters

Temperature control curve is the key to achieving temperature control and crack prevention of high concrete dam during construction,and its rationality depends on the accurate measurement of temperature stress.With the simulation testing machine for the temperature stress,in the present study,we carried out the deformation process tests of concrete under three temperature curves：convex,straight and concave.Besides,we not only measured the early-age elastic modulus,creep parameters and stress process,but also proposed the preferred type.The results show that at early age,higher temperature always leads to greater elastic modulus and smaller creep.However,the traditional indoor experiments have underestimated the elastic modulus and creep development at early age,which makes the calculated value of temperature stress too small,thus increasing the cracking risk.In this study,the stress values of the three curves calculated based on the strain and early-age parameters are in good agreement with the temperature stress measured by the temperature stress testing machine,which verifies the method accuracy.When the temperature changes along the concave curve,the law of stress development is in consistent with that of strength.Under this condition,the stress fluctuation is small and the crack prevention safety of the concave type is higher,so the concave type is better.The test results provide a reliable basis and support for temperature control curve design and optimization of concrete dams.     

混凝土力学时空特性对衬砌支护设计影响研究

竖井支护设计对围岩稳定和施工安全具有重要意义,水利水电工程中采用正井法开挖引水竖井的工程案例较少。根据正井法施工特点,确定开挖、初衬以及拆模等工序需要的具体时间,考虑混凝土力学参数的时效特征,并结合所在区域的地质条件、岩体力学参数以及开挖进尺,对初衬设计厚度、强度以及拆模时间等进行了研究,形成了一套基于正井法施工,考虑衬砌混凝土力学参数时空特征条件下的衬砌设计方法。实践表明,考虑混凝土力学参数时空特征条件下的支护设计更加合理,具有一定经济和社会效益。