Biomolecules-Incorporated Metal-Organic Frameworks Gated Light-Sensitive Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor for Biodetection

Incorporating biomolecules into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as exoskeletons to form biomolecules-MOFs biohybrids has attracted great attention as an emerging class of advanced materials. Organic devices have been shown as powerful platforms for next-generation bioelectronics, such as wearable biosensors, tissue engineering constructs, and neural interfaces. Herein, biomolecules-incorporated MOFs as innovative gating module is realized for the first time, which is exemplified by biocatalytic precipitation (BCP)-oriented horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (HRP@ZIF-90)/CdIn₂S₄ gated organic photoelectrochemical transistor under light illumination. In connection to a sandwich immunocomplexing targeting the model analyte human IgG, the IgG-dependent generation of H₂O₂ and the tandem HRP-triggered BCP reaction can cause the in situ blocking of the pore network of ZIF-90, leading to variant gating effect with corresponding responses of the device. This representative biodetection achieved good analytical performance with a wide linear range and a low detection limit of 100 fg mL⁻¹. In the view of the plentiful biomolecule-MOF complexes and their potential interactions with organic systems, this study provides a proof-of-concept study for the generic development of biomolecules-MOFs-gated electronics and beyond.     

Combined effects of high-temperature rolling and ultrafast cooling on the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel

The role of ultrafast cooling (UFC) on the grain refinement of ferrite, the precipitation behavior of cementite particles and the mechanical properties of a mild steel (Q235 grade) was evaluated by applying laminar cooling and UFC and varying the finish cooling temperature ranges during UFC after hot rolling. While UFC refined the ferrite grains, it accumulated the degeneration of pearlite, resulting in complete disappearance of the laminar pearlite at relatively low finish cooling temperatures. The minimum mean size of spheroidized cementite particles reached ~110?nm. Meanwhile, the enhancement of UFC on tensile strengths of mild steels mainly resulted from the grain refinement of ferrite and the precipitation strengthening of cementite particles; however, the contribution varied with the finish cooling temperature of UFC. A modified Ashby–Orowan model was also used for evaluating the yield strength increment of medium plates. This work will provide a theoretical basis for the diversity control of microstructure and for developing stronger and tougher mild steels by introducing UFC technology after high-temperature rolling.     

热处理工艺对新型轻质奥氏体耐磨钢的组织与力学性能的影响

以新型轻质高锰、高铝的奥氏体耐磨钢为研究对象,利用XRD,OM,SEM,EDS观察显微组织和析出物,研究不同的热处理工艺对新型钢种的组织与力学性能影响。结果表明:该新型轻质奥氏体耐磨钢的最佳优化热处理工艺为1050℃保温1h水韧,550℃时效2h,空冷。在最佳热处理工艺条件下奥氏体基体内弥散析出细小的钙钛矿结构(Fe,Mn)3AlC的κ-碳化物颗粒,不仅强化了奥氏体基体,其力学性能也得到明显改善;最优工艺处理后实验钢的硬度、强度、冲击韧度达到了最佳匹配,其抗拉强度为825MPa,屈服强度为574MPa,冲击韧度值为156J/cm2(V型缺口),硬度为271HB;与只进行水韧处理相比实验钢的屈服强度提高40.0%,硬度提高32.2%。     

Mn对22%Cr双相不锈钢700℃时效σ相及韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)结合析出动力学和冲击实验,研究了不同Mn含量(4.3%,6.9%,9.7%,质量分数,下同)对22%Cr节镍型双相不锈钢700℃时效析出相形成和韧性的影响。结果表明:随Mn含量由4.3%增加至9.7%,时效76h,析出形貌分别为铁素体/奥氏体(δ/γ)界面细小σ相颗粒析出和铁素体晶内σ相/二次奥氏体(γ_2)共析组织。Mn含量增加使Avrami指数n减小,反应常数B增大,Mn元素参与并促进σ相析出,σ相开始析出和完全析出时间均提前,开始析出与完全析出的时间间隔增大,析出速率降低。时效过程中δ相分解量低于1%(体积分数,下同)对冲击韧度影响不大,δ相分解量由1%增至5%会显著降低冲击韧度。Mn含量增加在时效前期对冲击韧度有利,时效中期则会促使δ相分解量更早超过1%,导致冲击韧度快速下降。     

High sensitive and selective formaldehyde sensors based on nanoparticle-assembled ZnO micro-octahedrons synthesized by homogeneous precipitation method

Nanoparticle-assembled ZnO micro-octahedrons were synthesized by a facile homogeneous precipitation method. The ZnO micro-octahedrons are hexagonal wurtzite with high crystallinity. Abundant structure defects were confirmed on ZnO surface by photoluminescence. Gas sensors based on the ZnO micro-octahedrons exhibited high response, selectivity and stability to 1–1000 ppm formaldehyde at 400 °C. Especially, even 1 ppm formaldehyde could be detected with high response (S = 22.7). It is of interest to point out that formaldehyde could be easily distinguished from ethanol or acetaldehyde with a selectivity of about 3. The high formaldehyde response is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of high contents of electron donor defects (Zn_i and V_O) and highly active oxygen species (O²⁻) on the ZnO surface.     

GPM Data Application in Analysis of Vertical Structure of Typhoon ‘Mujigae’ Precipitation

The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM)mission is designed to provide the next generation of global satellite precipitation products.The GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) carried on the Core Observatory adds high\|frequency channels which can detect light rain and snow.The Dual\|Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) combining the data of Ku\|band and Ka\|band helps to obtain more information of cloud and precipitation particles.To detect the cloud and precipitation structure in the typhoon,lots of information from both bands such as precipitation distribution,vertical structure,rain top height and structure of stratus cloud and convective cloud of typhoon ‘Mujigae’ occurring in early October 2015 are analyzed,using 1C\|GMI and 2A\|DPR products of GPM.The results show that the Ku\|band of DPR is better at detecting precipitation and bright band.However,Ka\|band has better effects on detecting small particles of the cloud top.The near\|surface precipitation rate centers upon values below 20mm/hr and partly focuses on 20\|60mm/h.The maximum value of near\|surface precipitation rate is 88.68mm/hr.The rain top height centers on values between 5km and 10km,and the maximum value exceeds 15km.The proportion of stratus cloud precipitation in the typhoon reaches 63.4%,but its average rainfall rate per unit area is lower than convective cloud precipitation by 37%.The detecting results of DPR and ground\|based SA\|band radar are very close which proves the reliability of DPR data.     

涞源岩溶地下水系统泉水量变化特征分析

涞源泉泉域是一个全封闭式泉排型岩溶水系统,泉水利用对当地工农业生产发挥了重要作用.通过对涞源岩溶地下水系统特征分析,利用地表水系列资料,采用基流分割法、相关系数法等,计算出泉水量系列资料.由降水补给地下水,再以泉水的形式排泄,在此过程中使水量在时间上滞后,而且水量趋于平稳,泉水量年极值比为7.33,变差系数为0.34,年内分配变化幅度平缓.由降水—入渗—地下径流—泉水排出的过程,水资源经过地下岩溶调节作用,有利于水资源的开发利用,而且对水质也起到净化作用.研究和分析岩溶地下水径流量变化特征,为合理利用泉水资源提供科学依据.     

黑龙江黑河市小麦和大豆的灌溉计划

以黑河市典型农作物大豆和小麦为研究对象,利用气象数据和相关研究成果,计算了黑河地区大豆和小麦的需水规律和需水量,并和降水分布和有效降水量进行对比。研究发现在小麦生长阶段内,小麦需水量和降水量基本同步,但是6月-7月份亏水量约72 mm。在大豆整个生育期内,各月有效降水量均不能满足大豆的需水量,6月份缺水量最大为88 mm,生育期内共缺水量182 mm。考虑到当地矮杆作物灌水技术一般采用喷灌,建议灌水定额采用40 mm,小麦需在6月份喷灌一次,大豆在整个生育期内喷灌4~5次,以实现小麦和大豆的高产稳产。     

多元分析法在沉淀滴定中的应用

将多元分析法应用于沉淀滴定之中 ,提出固定电位的方法 ,建立了沉淀滴定中各组分浓度与体积之间关系的数学模型 ,对卤素和硫氰酸盐混合体系进行了测定。     

浙江省大气降水水质对地表水水质的影响

对浙江省92个降水水质监测点采集的118个降水水样进行实验室检测,结合江河地表水水质同步监测资料,研究大气降水的主要污染物以及降水水质对地表水水质的影响。结果表明：降水中的pH值为5.86,TN、NH3-N、TP平均质量浓度分别达到1.54 mg/L、0.83 mg/L和0.035 mg/L,降水水质与监测点附近地表水水质未见明显相关关系,但降水中的NH3-N、TN和TP与地表水相同指标质量浓度的比率分别达到了60%、55%和22%,可见大气降水对地表水水质的影响不容忽视。