微絮凝接触过滤处理低浊度含藻水的研究

通过现场试验，对微絮凝过滤处理生活用水所带来的一系列问题进行了详细、科学的分析，在大量试验数据基础上对产生问题的原因进行了研究并取得了初步结论。在此基础上，提出了改进措施，取得了实效。     

宜昌站泄流能力变化对葛洲坝设计洪水影响

宜昌水文站是葛洲坝、三峡水利枢纽的设计依据站。葛洲坝水利枢纽动工修建和运行 ,对该站水位流量关系中低水部分产生了影响。探讨了该河段泄流能力的变化对葛洲坝水利枢纽设计洪水有无影响的问题。用1 967～ 1 999年实测资料对宜昌站以汛期平均水位为参数的水位流量关系曲线簇进行了检验 ,大部分年份最大日平均流量、3、7、1 5、30d洪量的偏差在± 4 %之间 ,说明曲线簇推流具有相当的精度。证明了宜昌河段中低水泄流能力的变化对葛洲坝水利枢纽设计流量和校核流量基本没有影响     

高压热处理对氧沉淀低温形核的影响

研究了外加高压(1GPa)下对450℃热处理硅片中氧沉淀行为的影响.透射电镜观察表明相对于大气压下热处理的样品,高压处理的样品会产生密度更高、尺寸更小的氧沉淀,表明高压有利于小直径氧沉淀的生成.电学性能测试表明,高压下处理的样品其热施主生成浓度和生成速率远远高于常压下处理的样品,这表明热施主与低温热处理过程中生成的高浓度氧沉淀核心有密切的关系.     

Effect of thermomechanical treatment on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of a CuCrZr alloy

The CuCrZr alloy undergoes processes of precipitation during ageing. Besides precipitation hardening the strength is affected by cold deformation which is performed before and after ageing. The cold deformation (D ₁) before ageing accelerates the process of strength hardening, since it induces higher rate of precipitation from the saturated a-sold solution. Cold deformation (D ₂) after ageing primarily affects the alloy strength. In this paper the results of the effect of thermomechanical treatment on mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of a CuCrZr alloy are presented. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the most suitable combination of thermomechanical treatment and alloy properties.     

原油沥青质沉积引起储集层损害的室内评价

防止沥青质沉积造成的储集层损害是渤海稠油油藏开发生产中遇到的技术难题之一。结合渤海SZ36-1油田实际情况，使用岩心流动实验装置，建立沥青质沉积导致储集层岩心渗透率下降的室内评价方法，并应用SARA法对稠油发生沥青质沉积的可能性进行预测。评价实验结果表明，损害程度与沥青质沉积量和储集层岩心的原始渗透率有关。沉积量越大，原始渗透率越低，则损害越严重。表5参12     

长江口北支水道水沙特性分析

从实测资料出发,结合水流数值计算成果,对长江口北支水道的水流、泥沙和含盐度等资料进行分析,得出了北支水道的水沙特性,并分析了水沙变化与河床变化的相互关系.北支水道在1958年南通河段河势控制后,径流分流比逐年下降,并渐趋稳定于3%左右.北支水道受径流影响越来越小,主要受潮流作用.随着水沙特性的逐年变化,北支水道0 m以下槽蓄容量逐年减小,并渐趋稳定,北支上段为逐年淤积最快的区域.由此反过来影响了水沙条件的进一步变化,使北支上段平均潮差增加,北支的会潮点由崇头附近下移至青龙港附近.     

An integrated downstream processing strategy for the recovery and partial purification of penicillin acylase from crude media

An integrated process strategy for the recovery of penicillin acylase was developed, based on precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins directly from Escherichia coli homogenates or crude extracts using Rolquat (quaternary ammonium salt) and adsorption of the enzyme on Amp‐Seph (3.8 µmole ampicillin cm^?3) under pseudo‐affinity conditions. The effect of pH, concentrations of ammonium sulfate and Rolquat, and also concentrations of protein and cell debris on the precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins from homogenates and crude extracts of penicillin acylase were analysed. The method of addition of Rolquat to homogenates and crude extracts significantly influenced the size of the precipitated particles. Improved results on the specific activity of penicillin acylase were obtained for 22% and 1% (w/v) of ammonium sulfate and Rolquat, respectively, added sequentially to enzyme solutions and at room temperature. Under these experimental conditions, the specific activity of penicillin acylase in homogenates and crude extracts was enhanced 2.5–3.0‐fold. Finally, the integrated process strategy was implemented first by precipitation of non‐enzymatic proteins and recovery of penicillin acylase directly from the enzyme solution treated with Rolquat using an adsorption/filtration system with an overall yield of 86%. This system allows simultaneously the filtration of cell debris and fine precipitated particles, in situ recovery of penicillin acylase by its adsorption on Amp‐Seph, and selective desorption of the enzyme with a specific activity of 11 IU (mg prot)^?1 and a desorption yield of 95%. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

长江中上游地区土壤人渗速率的空间分异研究

利用双套环法对长江中上游水土流失严重区的50个县（市）进行原他测试，对其典型土壤的稳渗速率及其影响因素进行了分析研究。结果表明：土壤稳渗速率在长江中上游地区呈现规律性的地域分异，四川盆地以及毕节地区是稳渗速率高值区，陕南和陇南地区、三峡库区以及丹江口库区足稳渗速率一般区，金沙江下游地区以及湘东赣南红壤丘陵区是稳渗速率低值区；上壤稳渗速率随土类发生有规律变化，黄壤系列土类最大，然后是石灰土、紫色土，红壤系列土类稳渗速率最小；土壤稳渗速率与质量密度呈负相关关系，与孔隙度、大于0．25mm风干土水稳性团粒含量、有机质含量以及粉／粘呈正相关关系。     

高压CO_2和乙醇协同沉淀法从牛乳中分离蛋白质的研究

以CO2 为沉淀剂 ,乙醇为CO2 助溶剂 ,考察了高压CO2 和乙醇对牛乳中蛋白质的协同沉淀作用。结果表明 :牛乳中蛋白质的沉淀存在着临界温度和临界压力 ,分别为 3 2℃和2 76MPa ,当体系高于这个临界温度和临界压力时对沉淀过程有利 ;CO2 和乙醇对牛乳中蛋白质的沉淀具有双重作用 ,在水体系中加入乙醇既有助于增加CO2 的溶解度 ,也可以使沉淀的临界温度和临界压力降低     

Simultaneous HPLC quantification of total cholesterol,tocopherols and β-carotene in Barrosã-PDO veal

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in meat is described. The method involves a direct saponification of the meat, a single n-hexane extraction and the analysis of the extracted compounds by normal-phase HPLC, using fluorescence (tocopherols) and UV–Vis photodiode array (cholesterol and β-carotene) detections in tandem. Rates of recovery of spiked meat samples were 93% for cholesterol, 83–86% for (α-, β- and -γ) tocopherols and 89% for β-carotene. Repeatabilities were high (CV < 6%) for all determined compounds, except for δ-tocopherol. This tocopherol, which is not usually present in meat, showed a much lower recovery percentage (73%) and repeatability (12.8%). This methodology was applied for the quantification of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in three muscles (longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus) of the Portuguese traditional Barrosã-PDO veal, obtained from autochthonous calves fed extensively during summer (with the least abundant green pastures) and slaughtered in early autumn (October). Barrosã-PDO veal showed median contents of total cholesterol (0.50–0.56 mg/g) and, depending on the analysed muscle, moderate to high contents of α-tocopherol (3.3–3.9 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.07–0.09 μg/g), suggesting an high sensorial and hygienic quality.