New bulb turbine with counter-rotating tandem-runner

With the increasing demand for the clean sustainable power, the turbine design urgently turns to increase the capability significantly toward higher head for generating larger power. Currently, there are many studies in the field of the bulb turbine with single-stage runner, though reports about counter-rotating tandem-runner are rare. However, the further high-head application with the single-stage runner is very difficult to achieve due to the limit of the specific speed. In this paper, a new bulb turbine with the tandem-runner is designed in order to substantially increase the applicable limit toward higher head with larger power. A half of the net head is absorbed by the frontal runner which can generate output power, while the remaining half is absorbed by the rear runner. To generate the Euler energy required for the rear runner, the frontal runner has the counter-rotation against the rear runner so that the counter-rotating tandem-runner can meet the purpose of double head and power under the same size as the conventional bulb turbine. Supply and demand of Euler energy between the two runners are thoroughly optimized through the detailed flow analysis, in order to secure the stable operation. As a result, the interference of Euler energies between the outflow from the frontal runner and the inflow to the rear runner is confirmed to be very small on the counter-rotating interface between the two runners. The prediction method of on-cam performance between the two adjustable runners is also developed numerically, which provides optimal flow between the two runners. This research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design and operation of the counter-rotating tandem-runner bulb turbines.     

卧式水电机组局部多油楔径向滑动轴承研究

针对卧式水电机组用径向滑动轴承载荷日益提高的现状,设计一种局部多油楔瓦面结构的径向滑动轴承。通过联立求解膜厚方程、雷诺方程、密度方程、黏度方程、能量方程和固体热传导方程等,获得轴承的热流润滑特性,并与椭圆径向滑动轴承的热流特性进行对比。结果表明,局部多油楔径向滑动轴承具有较大的动压承载区域和较小的油膜压力梯度以及较低的油膜温升,可以大幅度提高轴承的承载能力。     

汽车AFS头灯随动转向规律研究

车辆夜间转弯时的转角特性是汽车随动转向前照灯系统(AFS)的关键特性之一。介绍了AFS系统的基本原理,分析了当前国内外对汽车AFS头灯随动转向规律的研究成果。在此基础上提出了两种新的转角特性曲线模型,同时建立了评价该特性曲线性能的数学模型,并结合具体车型对前照灯的随动转向效果在matlab软件中进行了分析验证,得到了分析计算结果。该结果数据说明设计的转角特性所确定的头灯转角是合适的,也进一步证明了曲线型转角特性的性能优于直线型转角特性。     

新型复合式露点间接蒸发冷却空调机组的试验研究

分析新型复合式露点间接蒸发冷却空调机组的芯体构造和工作原理。选择高湿度地区代表城市——福州,在7月份,对新型复合式露点间接蒸发冷却空调机组的工作电流和电压、机组风压、湿球效率、二/一次风量比、淋水量、耗水量等性能参数进行实际测试。结果表明:复合式露点间接蒸发冷却空调机组二/一次风量比为0.95时,机组的平均湿球效率为103%,机组在200L/h的淋水量下运行10min,需要消耗1.2L的水。将机组应用于一个室内模拟1kW发热源的房间,测试得到了机组运行的实际效果,并提出机组优化的试验参考。     

带球头超细长轴加工方案设计

根据零件设计要求,分析了其加工难点,设计了三种带球头超细长轴的可行性加工方案,通过分析比较,确定方案3在效率和成本方面优于前两种。     

室外热环境评价指标湿球黑球温度简化计算方法

针对室外热环境评价指标湿球黑球温度在实测和数值计算中都比较难获得的问题,在湿热地区广州夏季收集了空气干球温度、湿球温度、黑球温度、相对湿度、风速、太阳辐射和湿球黑球温度等数据,对收集的数据进行相关性分析和回归分析,相关性分析结果表明：空气温度、相对湿度、太阳辐射与湿球黑球温度具有一定的线性相关度,可以采用上述三个气象因子作为湿球黑球温度的简化计算参数;回归分析结果表明：回归的关联式与实测湿球黑球温度的相关性较高,并且满足多元线性回归的各项检验,认为该回归方程具有较高的可信度,可以在城市热环境的实测评价和数值预测过程中,作为湿球黑球温度的简化计算方法应用。     

AM扩底灌注桩桩身应变测试

采用高精度滑动测微计测试AM扩底桩在各级荷载下的桩身应变,测试精度高,测试结果可靠。由应变测试结果推算出桩身端阻力及摩阻力,较好地为AM扩底桩在武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥铁路引桥工程中的推广应用提供了设计依据。     

基于湿球温度的逆流闭式冷却塔换热模型分析

根据热力学和传热学理论分析,建立了逆流闭式冷却塔热传递过程的微分方程组,并利用湿球温度与湿空气饱和温度在空气-水系统中数值上相等以及湿空气饱和线线性两种合理的假设推导得到了基于空气湿球温度的数学模型。对某逆流闭式冷却塔基于湿球温度的换热模型应用Matlab作四阶Runge-kutta数值求解,得到了冷却循环水、喷淋水、空气干湿球温度的变化规律,基于此模型可分析湿球温度对逆流闭式冷却塔冷却效率的影响,同时为今后此类冷却塔的开发提供理论支撑。     

Response characteristics of glass bulb sprinkler heads mounted in a paint spray booth

The response of sprinklers mounted in a paint spray booth is usually influenced by paint covering the heat-sensitive element. To avoid this problem, sprinklers are often covered to prevent the paint from accumulating on the heat-sensitive element. The influence of various numbers of paint layers and different types of covers on the response time of two different types of glass bulb sprinkler heads has been investigated. Both wind-tunnel tests and large-scale fire tests were performed in the test series.It was found that covers delayed the activation of the sprinklers considerably, though a faster response was obtained with a quick response sprinkler than with a standard response sprinkler. It was found that the accumulated paint on the heat-sensitive element also affected the response time, but not nearly as much as the covers. It was also found that a paint layer covering both the glass bulb and the frame acted as a glue; the consequence was that the spray pattern of the sprinkler was considerably affected.     

轮毂比对灯泡贯流式水轮机性能影响研究

为了深入细致研究轮毂比对灯泡贯流式水轮机水力性能和结构强度的影响,基于ANSYS CFX软件分别对五种轮毂比三种协联工况下的水轮机模型进行数值模拟计算,对定常及非定常的计算结果进行分析,确定该水轮机的最佳轮毂比,并基于ANSYS Workbench平台对固体域进行单向流固耦合计算,对轮毂比优化前后的水力性能及转轮部分结构静应力进行对比分析。结果表明:由原始轮毂比0.35缩小至最优轮毂比0.31后,流道过流面积增大,过流量增加,机组运行效率及出力得到提高;叶片背面压差减小,流速更均匀;流道内压力脉动最大幅值由6.60%降低至0.46%;转轮部分位移变形和静应力分布规律基本一致,最大位移和最大静应力值小幅度增大,均仍满足结构强度要求。研究结果为解决该型式水轮机出力不足的问题提供参考,对水轮机的优化设计和制造具有指导意义。