Integrated planning in supply chains with buy-side and sell-side marketplaces

In this paper we develop a quadratic programming model for partner selection and planning in integrated supply chain networks embedded with both sell-side and buy-side electronic marketplaces. Such a scenario arises in several practical applications. In particular, we consider a contract manufacturer who procures components from suppliers through a component marketplace and sells its manufactured sub-assemblies to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), through a sub-assembly marketplace. In these web-enabled supply chains, embedded with upstream and downstream electronic marketplaces, we need methods for online supply-chain partner selection based on pricing and delivery schedules. In this paper, we develop and present such a model that selects partners, synchronizes supply chain activities and optimizes the profit through optimal revenue pricing and cost minimization.     

竞争环境下的港口企业两种定价策略比较研究

通过建立港口的空间Hotelling模型,分析了同一区域内双垄断港口企业采用不同定价策略时的均衡价格、需求量和利润,并且对比了不同定价策略下港口的利润.理论研究结果表明:在服务水平相同时,两个竞争的港口企业采用统一定价策略会获得更多的利润;在服务水平不相同时,两个竞争的港口企业采取何种定价策略与它们的地理位置、内陆运费率、服务水平有关.     

Maximal covering location problem with price decision for revenue maximization in a competitive environment

In this article, we extend the classical maximal covering model in a competitive environment by including a price decision. We formulate a revenue maximization model and propose two procedures to solve it. By a careful examination of the relationships between the maximal covering problems for different prices, we reveal interesting properties of the deduced revenue maximization model, leading to a full enumeration solution approach. With the help of two more properties we develop a second, more intelligent solution procedure. Computational experiments show promising results for a small, medium and large case study.     

A shelf-space-dependent wholesale price when manufacturer and retailer brands compete

We propose a game-theoretic model involving the manufacturer of a national brand and a retailer selling her private label along with the national brand. The retailer can use either a differentiation strategy or an imitation strategy for offering her store brand. We consider two cases: the benchmark case, where both players have symmetric information and play a Nash game, and the incentive case, where the national brand’s manufacturer, acting as a leader, offers an incentive to the retailer in order to benefit from a larger proportion of the shelf space, which ultimately increases her own profit. By comparing both situations, we attempt to derive the conditions under which it is profitable for the manufacturer to implement such an incentive strategy and investigate if the results are idiosyncratic to the PL concept. These conditions are fourfold, and include the private label’s image, the price competition between the national brand and the private label, the transfer price level and the shelf-space allocated to the national brand in the benchmark case.     

基于混合定价机制的企业收益模型研究

对混合定价机制下的顾客购买策略行为和商品成交价格进行了分析,建立了企业的收益模型,并在11种市场情景下与固定价格模型及Markup模型进行比较,得出运用该模型企业有更高收益的结论,还就模型参数对企业收益的影响进行了灵敏度分析,对企业运用该模型进行收益管理提出了建议.     

Dynamic vs static pricing in a make-to-stock queue with partially controlled production

We consider a capacitated make-to-stock production system that offers a product to a market of price-sensitive users. The production process is partially controlled. On the one hand, the decision-maker controls the production of a single facility. On the other hand, an uncontrolled flow of items arrives at the stock. Such a situation occurs in several contexts; for example, when there is a return flow of products or a fixed delivery contract. We model the system as a make-to-stock queue with lost sales. We address the static pricing problem and the dynamic pricing problem with the objective of maximizing the average profit over an infinite horizon. For both problems, we characterize the optimal production and pricing policy. We also obtain analytical results for the static pricing problem. From numerical results, we show that dynamic pricing might be much more beneficial when the production is not totally controlled.      

时效性商品最优定价模型及其粒子群优化解

对时效性商品的定价问题进行了研究.基于一种负二项分布的离散需求函数,并在利润最大化原则下,建立了时效商品最优定价模型.由于该模型涉及多个随机变量的概率分布,常规函数极值算法难以获得问题解析解,引入粒子群优化算法,对模型进行演化求解,并给出算例分析.结果表明:利用粒子群算法,可以快速有效得到不同库存量情况下应采取的最优定价.最后提出需要进一步解决的若干问题.     

考虑政府奖惩的逆向供应链定价策略研究

探讨一个制造商和多个零售商组成的逆向供应链定价策略问题,以再制品市场需求信息不完全为前提,运用博弈论和委托代理理论研究分析政府不参与逆向供应链运作、政府对制造商实施奖惩措施和政府对零售商实施奖惩措施三种情形下逆向供应链各主体的定价策略.并通过数值仿真验证了定价策略分别与市场需求和奖惩力度的关系.研究表明:成本较高的零售商期望收益较小;在两种奖惩力度相同的情况下,政府对制造商实施奖惩措施后逆向供应链的整体收益更大,而政府对零售商实施奖惩措施后制造商会更倾向于不传递真实市场信息的信号.     

考虑政府多政策和第三方回收的闭环供应链协调机制研究

分析政府多政策情形下第三方回收模式闭环供应链的协调问题。考虑政府多政策以及零售商主导,建立3种不同情形的供应链模型,并比较分析各情形下的供应链最优定价决策和利润。研究表明,政府多政策能够有效提高回收量并使逆向供应链中第三方利润和顾客效用增加,但正向供应链成员利润和顾客效用会减小;利润共享?费用分担契约和授权?最优回收数量契约都可以实现有效协调;协调后供应链中各主体企业的利润和顾客效用得到改善。     

The analysis of an adaptive workload balancing strategy in computing system resources management

An adaptive workload balancing scheme is analyzed. This scheme is intended to automatically dissolve the imbalance in resource utilization of computing systems and to bring about the proper balance between throughput and turnaround time. This is done by means of the invisible hand due to the bidding of priorities of resource use, with no contradiction between the flexible bid for each resource and the stable price for the entire service. The result of this analysis shows that this scheme would regulate those imbalances, and that it includes the load balancing policy of IBM OS/VS2-2 as a special case. Some considerations and methods on an actual implementation are also presented.This paper is a revised version of material which appeared as Research Report RC5072 of IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York.On leave from the University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.