舟山大陆引水二期工程监控系统设计

介绍了舟山大陆引水二期工程的概况,给出了泵站监控系统的设计原则。在遵循设计原则的基础上,对整个监控系统的结构和主要设备配置进行了设计,对系统的控制特点进行了阐述,并分析了系统的主要功能。该监控系统建成后将为舟山大陆引水二期工程的运行管理提供安全可靠、科学经济的技术保障。     

大型抽水蓄能电站首机首次启动试验方式选择研究——水泵工况启动试验方式关注的主要技术问题

对大型抽水蓄能电站首机首次水泵工况启动试验方式关注的主要技术问题,重点研究了9个技术难点和特点问题,提出分析意见和风险性评估。     

GSM网络优化中接通率的分析

接通率是衡量GSM网络运行质量重要的指标之一,本文根据GSM网络优化的基本理论,针对GSM网络中低接通率现象,对影响GSM网络优化中接通率的因素进行了细致的分析与研究,提出了一套有效可行的优化方法,逐个排除故障原因,从而达到了提高接通率、优化GSM网络的目的,并针对提高GSM网络接通率设计开发了GSM网络优化软件。最后,对实例安阳市区GSM网络中存在的低接通率等问题进行了分析及其优化,并证实了优化软件中提高接通率方法的可行性、实效性。     

Kernel shapes of fuzzy sets in fuzzy systems for function approximation

The shapes of if-part fuzzy sets affect the approximating capability of fuzzy systems. In this paper, the fuzzy systems with the kernel-shaped if-part fuzzy sets are built directly from the training data. It is proved that these fuzzy systems are universal approximators and their uniform approximation rates can be estimated in the single-input-single-output (SISO) case. On the basis of these rates, the relationships between the approximating capability and the shapes of if-part fuzzy sets are developed for the fuzzy systems. Furthermore, the sinc functions that serve as input membership functions are proved to have the almost best approximation property in a particular class of membership functions. The theoretical results are confirmed from the simulation data. In addition, the estimations of the uniform approximation rates are extended to the multi-input-single-output (MISO) case.     

Single machine scheduling with simple linear deterioration to minimize total absolute deviation of completion times

We consider a single machine scheduling problem with simple linear deterioration. Job processing times are assumed to be a simple linear function of a job-dependent growth rate and the job's starting time. We seek an optimal schedule, so as to minimize the total absolute deviation of completion times (TADC). We prove several interesting properties of an optimal schedule, and introduce two efficient heuristics which are tested against a lower bound.     

Smooth Scheduling under Variable Rates or the Analog-Digital Confinement Game

This work considers non-terminating scheduling problems in which a system of multiple resources serves clients having variable needs. The system has m identical resources and n clients; in each time slot each resource may serve at most one client; in each such slot t each client γ has a rate, a real number ρ _γ (t), that specifies his needs in this slot. The rates satisfy the restriction ∑ _γ ρ _γ (t)≤m for any slot t. Except of this restriction, the rates can vary in arbitrary fashion. (This contrasts most prior works in this area in which the rates of the clients are constant.) The schedule is required to be smooth as follows: a schedule is Δ -smooth if for all time intervals I the absolute difference between the amount of service received by each client γ to his nominal needs of ∑ _t∈I ρ _γ (t) is less than Δ. Our objective are online schedulers that produce Δ-smooth schedules where Δ is a small constant which is independent of m and n. Our paper constructs such schedulers; these are the first online Δ-smooth schedulers, with a constant Δ, for clients with arbitrarily variable rates in a single or multiple resource system. Furthermore, the paper also considers a non-concurrent environment in which there is an additional restriction that each client is served at most once in each time slot; it presents the first online smooth schedulers for variable rates under this restriction. The above non-concurrent restriction is crucial in some applications (e.g., CPU scheduling). It has been pointed out that this restriction “adds a surprising amount of difficulty” to the scheduling problem. However, this observation was never formalized and, of course, was never proved. Our paper formalizes and proves some aspects of this observation. Another contribution of this paper is the introduction of a complete information, two player game called the analog-digital confinement game. In such a game pebbles are located on the real line; the two players, the analog player and the digital player, take alternating turns and each one, in his turn, moves some of the pebbles; the digital player moves the pebbles backwards by discrete distances while the analog player moves the pebbles forward by analog distances; the aim of the analog player is to cause one pebble (or more) to escape a pre-defined real interval while the aim of the digital player is to confine the pebbles into the interval. We demonstrate that this game is a convenient framework to study the general question of how to approximate an analog process by a digital one. All the above scheduling results are established via this game. In this derivation, the pebbles represent the clients, the analog player generates the needs of the clients and the digital player generates the schedule. Dedicated to the memory of Professor Shimon Even for his inspiration and encouragement     

基于级联多电平换流器的两级式储能系统控制策略

储能技术是构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的关键技术和维持微网可靠稳定运行的重要保证。国内外现有理论研究及示范工程主要集中于单级式链式储能系统,功率模块与电池系统之间无源连接,结构简单但控制自由度不高。同时,针对基于链式储能的电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡问题,现有的相内SOC均衡控制策略存在不同负载率适应性不足、极度不均衡时可能过调制等缺点,为此,文中基于两级式链式储能系统,研究其总体控制策略,对相间、相内SOC均衡策略进行分析,并提出一种自适应的相内SOC均衡策略,详细说明均衡控制参数的设计原则。该策略能有效地改善链式储能系统在轻载、重载等不同工况下的适应性和均衡效果。最终通过仿真验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性,从而为工程实施提供理论储备和技术支撑。     

Intercalative Motifs-Induced Space Confinement and Bonding Covalency Enhancement Enable Ultrafast and Large Sodium Storage

Alloying-type metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries, but suffer from sluggish sodiation kinetics and huge volume expansion. Introducing intercalative motifs into alloying-type metal sulfides is an efficient strategy to solve the above issues. Herein, robust intercalative In S motifs are grafted to high-capacity layered Bi₂S₃ to form a cation-disordered (BiIn)₂S₃, synergistically realizing high-rate and large-capacity sodium storage. The In S motif with strong bonding serves as a space-confinement unit to buffer the volume expansion, maintaining superior structural stability. Moreover, the grafted high-metallicity Indium increases the bonding covalency of Bi S, realizing controllable reconstruction of Bi S bond during cycling to effectively prevent the migration and aggregation of atomic Bi. The novel (BiIn)₂S₃ anode delivers a high capacity of 537 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.4 C and a superior high-rate stability of 247 mAh g⁻¹ at 40 C over 10000 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ characterizations reveal the in-depth reaction mechanism and the breakage and formation of reversible Bi S bonds. The proposed space confinement and bonding covalency enhancement strategy via grafting intercalative motifs can be conducive to developing novel high-rate and large-capacity anodes.     

侧边机组故障对泵站前池流态的影响

为研究侧边机组故障对泵站前池流态的影响,本文建立了某泵站引渠、前池、进水池与吸入管三维数值模型,并基于VOF模型开展了数值计算。然后,根据计算结果分析了不同侧边机组故障情况对前池和引渠内流态的影响。最后,引入了流速分布均匀度作为量化指标,阐述了不同侧边机组故障情况对中间机组的吸入管进口流速分布的影响规律。结果表明:侧边单台机组故障时,前池内部流速分布相对无故障变化较小,但故障机组吸水池内产生大尺度漩涡,进而导致前池出口断面流速畸变,发生流速掺混现象;侧边机组全部故障时,前池内部产生大尺度涡系,造成前池出口断面流速严重掺混现象,且范围更大,并显著影响中间机组吸入管进口流态,造成进口流速不均匀分布,进而对中间机组运行产生不利影响。     

Disaggregating growth in future retail electricity rates

The retail rate impacts of a number of emerging trends (e.g., rapid deployment of electric vehicles and storage, transmission build-out for large-scale renewables deployment, and grid modernization) are unknown. Importantly, decision-makers are concerned about the potential future rate impacts on energy affordability and equity. We disaggregate the key drivers of retail electricity rates and assess their impacts on future rate growth considering their interactions and uncertainty. Specifically, we develop ranges of future cost growth for a generic investor-owned and vertically-integrated electric utility representing typical cost and operating characteristics. The rate driver growth rate ranges are applied in isolation and jointly to quantify the uncertainty and variability in future retail electricity rates. The results identify what rate drivers and factors may minimize and/or decrease uncertainty in retail rate growth and their linkages to industry trends.