不同降雨入渗条件下预应力锚索加固边坡稳定性分析

为了研究不同降雨条件下边坡安全系数及预应力锚索轴力变化规律,以省道S303沿线某边坡为研究对象,考虑土体饱和-非饱和渗流与非饱和强度理论,基于有限元分析,对不同降雨工况下的孔隙水压分布、锚索轴力及采用强度折减法计算的边坡安全系数变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: 降雨量一定时,降雨入渗范围随雨强增大而减小,暂态饱和区域随雨强增加而增大; 边坡在加固前后的安全系数均随降雨量增加而不断减小,采用预应力锚索加固能有效提高边坡安全系数,并减小降雨对边坡稳定性的影响; 随着降雨量增加,各锚索轴力均增大,当降雨量一定时,雨强越小,对应的锚索轴力提升幅度越大,靠近底部的锚索轴力对降雨最为敏感。     

江西“2010.6.19”特大暴雨水汽输送过程分析

利用NCEP（1°×1°）再分析资料、常规气象观测资料和WRF中尺度数值模式,对2010-06-19江西出现的历史罕见特大暴雨天气水汽输送的过程进行分析。结果表明：特大暴雨天气过程的水汽输送源地以南海和孟加拉湾为主,强降水落区在水汽输送带左侧风向切变线附近。暴雨过程是由两次强降水天气过程组成：一次是19日02：00江西南部和福建南部交界处的中尺度系统北抬形成的赣北暴雨;另一次是19日20：00由湖南中尺度气旋及其后续的中尺度系统东移造成的大范围暴雨。利用WRF数值模式对整层水汽输送进行高分辨力数值模拟发现,暴雨落区出现在整层水汽输送最大值区域和梯度最大处,且整层水汽输送方向为西南-东北走向。     

降雨条件下土质高边坡稳定性影响因素分析

选取影响土质高边坡稳定性的指标,采用变量控制的方法,在ABAQUS软件中分别计算了各个指标不同数值情况下的稳定系数,并利用改进的灰色关联分析法计算出土质高边坡稳定性对各个因子的敏感性,为以后的边坡工程设计和施工提供一定的参考。     

斜坡失稳的降雨阈值模型及其应用

 为了实现对斜坡稳定性的可视化分析与预测,以楚雄双柏一斜坡作为研究工点,在数字高程模型(DEM)的基础上,结合降雨量、地形地貌、土的特性等因素,运用降雨阈值模型计算斜坡单元变形失稳所需临界降雨量,分析降雨入渗以及地形坡度对斜坡稳定性的影响。比较模型预测结果与斜坡实际监测结果表明,降雨阈值模型能较好地模拟斜坡各单元产生滑坡失稳的诱因,即所需降雨量大小;当降雨量大于各单元产生滑坡失稳的临界值时,该单元即有可能产生失稳滑动。模型预测的产生滑坡的斜坡单元与现场失稳情况较为一致。     

Characterization of the nonpoint source pollution into river at different spatial scales

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of rainfall and underlying surface conditions on nonpoint source (NPS) pollution loads and to identify the uncertainty in NPS pollution loads at different spatial scales in the Fuxi River basin, China. Data on monitored daily flow rates and concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and permanganate index at the sub‐basin and basin scales were collected for a period from 2013 to 2015. Dynamic time warping distance and information measures were used to characterize pollution loads and determine the uncertainties. The results indicate that, at both sub‐basin and basin scales, NPS pollution loads increased nonlinearly with rainfall until it reached 38.4 mm, and subsequently, the NPS pollution loads stabilized. The underlying surface conditions affected the NPS pollution loads more profoundly than rainfall. Additionally, the uncertainty in NPS pollution loads increased with the spatial scales.     

Green and Ampt infiltration model extended beyond rain duration

A simple method requiring only hand calculations is presented in this study that enables the use of the Green and Ampt infiltration model beyond the rain duration. The method takes into account that the runoff and infiltration processes continue for some period of time after the rain stops. Both the ground surface and subsurface characteristics are considered. A conjunctive overland flow‐infiltration mathematical model is employed for this purpose. A kinematic‐wave approach is used to model the overland flow, and the Green and Ampt equations are employed to calculate the infiltration rates. The governing equations are expressed and solved in terms of dimensionless parameters to enable the generalization of the results based on the principle of hydrologic similarity. A four‐point finite difference scheme is used to solve the governing equations. The results are presented in chart form. An example application of the proposed method is included.     

Surface runoff estimation over heterogeneous foothills of Aravalli mountain using medium resolution remote sensing rainfall data with soil conservation system‐curve number method: A case of semi‐arid ungauged Manesar Nala watershed

Manesar Nala watershed, having an aerial extent of 71.53 km², was subjected to modelling of its hydrological behaviour for assessing its water resource potential. Modern tools and techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used for assessment of runoff generating potential using the Hydrologic Soil Cover Complex (HSCC) Method [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)‐Soil Conservation System‐Curve Number (SCS‐CN) approach]. RS and GIS were used in generation and integration of thematic maps [such as Land use/Land cover (using LISS‐III data) and Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG), (using soil map of study area) to derive the Curve Number (CN) for simulating Runoff (R_o)]. The daily rainfall (P) data for the study period 2002–2015 were acquired from NOAA Climate Prediction Center (NCPC). Corresponding R_o from the watershed for intense storm events for 14 years were calculated through RS and GIS. GIS and SCS‐CN model was employed for modelling the runoff production to study its hydrological behaviour. The study showed that the Manesar Nala watershed was having a composite Curve Number – II (CN_II) value of 82.5 for normal conditions. For dry and wet conditions these values were estimated at 66.44 (CN_I) and 91.56 (CN_III), respectively. This investigation showed that Manesar Nala watershed exhibited an annual average (of 14 years, 2002–2015) R_o volume of 4 542 514.37 m³ based on the average annual rainfall (P) of 0.72 m (720 mm). The average annual surface runoff (R_o) was predicted to be approximately 0.21 m with annual runoff coefficient (C_R) of 0.29. During the study, we also found a strong correlation ‘r’ between satellite driven P and R_o from NRCS‐CN method of the order of 0.94. The methodology so developed has the potential to be used in other similar ungauged watersheds in the same agro‐climatic conditions for the purpose of planning of watershed conservation measures and other developmental activities.     

黄莲树滑坡破坏变形机理浅析

以三峡库区奉节县黄莲树滑坡的破坏变形为例,以地表位移、降雨、地下水、库水位的监测为依据,综合分析研究了监测参数的变动和致灾因子相互作用对滑坡稳定性的影响关系,开展破坏变形机理探讨研究,总结形成了初步的研究成果。该研究成果对滑坡的监测预警预报技术具有重要的理论意义,并且对其它以库水位涨落和降雨为主要致滑因子的滑坡的监测临滑预报具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

降雨入渗及地震作用下边坡稳定性研究

边坡滑坡给社会经济和人民生命安全带来了巨大威胁,降雨和地震是边坡滑坡的两大诱因。以云南省某矿山边坡作为研究对象,取样后在室内进行岩石力学实验,得到后期工作所需的岩石力学参数,利用霍克布朗准则推导出岩体的力学参数,运用理论计算和数值模拟分析降雨和地震对边坡稳定性影响,结果表明：1）在降雨入渗作用下,边坡出现滑坡主要是静水压力造成的;2）在地震作用下,当地震峰值加速度为0.1g时,有效塑性区主要位于边坡中下部,当增大地震峰值加速度,其范围向坡脚移动,当加速度为0.3g时,塑性区出现贯通趋势。     

基于RFPA2D岩石渗流剪切破坏过程研究

为探究岩石渗流剪切破坏规律,以砂岩为例,利用RFPA2D软件进行数值模拟.结果显示:砂岩在渗流剪切破坏过程中分为稳定变形、亚稳定变形、失稳前兆和失稳破坏等4个阶段;伴随着加载过程,模型中心区域应力发生偏转升高,随之因应力集中而产生少量微裂纹,且拉伸性微裂纹出现时间先于剪切性微裂纹,两者汇合贯通后形成宏观破裂面;声发射活...