TEM and DFT investigation of CVD TiN/κ-Al2O3 multilayer coatings

This paper investigates the interfacial structure in hot-wall CVD TiN/κ-Al₂O₃ multilayer coatings using both HREM and DFT modeling. Two multilayers with different thicknesses of the TiN layers (50 and 600 nm) separating the κ-Al₂O₃ layers are analyzed. The general microstructure of the two multilayers is relatively similar. The TiN layer in the thicker TiN/κ-Al₂O₃ coating is thick enough to be several TiN grains high. This means that epitaxial columns, which are often found in the thinner TiN/κ-Al₂O₃ coatings, are not present. However, the orientation relationships at the TiN/κ-Al₂O₃ interfaces are the same in both multilayers. The HREM investigations show that κ-Al₂O₃ (001) planes can grow directly on flat (111) TiN faces, without any other phases or detectable amounts of impurities, such as sulphur, present. Where the TiN layers are more curved, γ-Al₂O₃ can be grown, at least partly stabilized by the cube-on-cube orientation relationship between γ-Al₂O₃ and the underlying TiN. The DFT calculations show very similar adsorption strengths for an O monolayer positioned on Ti-terminated TiC(111) and TiN(111) surfaces, with preferred adsorption in the fcc site. O adsorption on N-terminated TiN(111) is much weaker, with preferred adsorption in the top site. Calculated elastic-energy contributions yield a higher stability for κ-Al₂O₃ on TiN(111) than on TiC(111) and a higher stability for κ-Al₂O₃ than for α-Al₂O₃ on both TiC and TiN. This indicates that the observed higher stability of κ-Al₂O₃ on TiC(111) than on TiN(111) is not due to the lattice mismatch, while the preferred epitaxial growth of κ-Al₂O₃ over α-Al₂O₃ can be partly attributed to the mismatch.     

Interfacial energy and match of cold pressure welded Ag/Ni and Al/Cu

The technology of cold pressure welding was adopted to achieve the bonding of Al/Cu(limited soluble and forming compounds),Ag/Ni(hardly mutual soluble),and the relative state of interface was tested by HREM.The results indicate that stable interface is always corresponding to the low interfacial energy value;the stable interface is not coherent but partly-coherent because of the twisting of grain boundary caused by pressure,meanwhile existing dislocation.Namely,the interfacial match and other states under the condition of cold pressure welding are different from the situation that under the condition of thermal action.Moreover,theoretical analyses and calculation on the base of thermodynamics,crystallogeny ,solid physics etc,were discussed.     

Grain-size effects in the quasi-static fracture resistance of a thermally embrittled RPV steel (quenched and tempered microstructures)

The elastic-plastic fracture toughness and crack extension behavior under the quasi-static loading regimen of several thermally embrittled conditions of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel were assessed on the basis of microstructural parameters. It was discovered that the bainite packet size is the fracture properties controlling parameter of single-phase quenched and tempered microstructures. Results were found in close agreement to those obtained in a parallel study with dual-phase annealed microstructures derived from the same low alloy steel. Similarly, it was concluded that a Hall-Petch type relationship correlates J-fracture mechanics criteria to the grain size.     

Ti-Al基合金中的Hall-Petch关系及影响因素分析

研究了全层片状组织Ti-Al基合金的室温拉伸性能与品团尺寸的关系。Ti-Al基合金的室温拉伸屈服强度和断裂强度与晶团尺寸成Hall-Petch关系。当合金中添加替代元素Cr和Nb时，其Hall-Petch斜率不变；而添加间隙元素C和B时，其Hall-Petch斜率增加。Ti-Al基合金的室温延伸率与晶团尺寸不满足Hall-Petch关系。     

TiAl 合金中的γ→α析出转变行为

研究了Ti-48Al和Ti-48Al—0．8B合金中的γ→α析出转变，分析了α析出相的生长形态、晶体学特征、生长动力学及α／γ相界面结构。结果显示α相从γ相中析出有两种方式：一种是从γ晶粒内沿{111}，晶面以片状形貌析出，且α相与γ基体保持共格位向关系；另一种则是在γ晶界上通过不连续析出转变，以不规则的块状形貌析出，并向着晶界一侧与之无位向关系的γ晶粒内生长。添加0．8％(摩尔分数)B能显著降低γ晶粒内片状α析出相的形核率，并抑制α相生长。HREM分析表明：片状α相是在γ相的堆垛层错上形核，并通过“台阶-凸起-扭折”机制生长；α／γ相界面上复杂层错的存在及台阶形核率低是片状α相沿厚度方向生长缓慢的主要原因。     

适用于扩展有限元裂缝计算的钢筋与混凝土粘结滑移关系

以定量分析钢筋与混凝土粘结滑移关系为目标,利用RCXFEHohai-P扩展有限元程序,计算采用不同粘结滑移公式时钢筋混凝土简支梁的最大裂缝宽度。结果表明,计算所得最大裂缝宽度各不相同,且都与《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)所列最大裂缝宽度公式计算值存在差别。为此,基于GA-BP神经遗传网络,以规范最大裂缝宽度公式计算值为预测目标,反演得到适用于扩展有限元裂缝计算的粘结滑移公式,算例表明该公式能满足扩展有限元裂缝宽度计算要求。研究成果对提高扩展有限元裂缝分析的准确性具有一定的参考价值。     

Investigating dependencies in software requirements for change propagation analysis

ContextThe dependencies between individual requirements have an important influence on software engineering activities e.g., project planning, architecture design, and change impact analysis. Although dozens of requirement dependency types were suggested in the literature from different points of interest, there still lacks an evaluation of the applicability of these dependency types in requirements engineering.ObjectiveUnderstanding the effect of these requirement dependencies to software engineering activities is useful but not trivial. In this study, we aimed to first investigate whether the existing dependency types are useful in practise, in particular for change propagation analysis, and then suggest improvements for dependency classification and definition.MethodWe conducted a case study that evaluated the usefulness and applicability of two well-known generic dependency models covering 25 dependency types. The case study was conducted in a real-world industry project with three participants who offered different perspectives.ResultsOur initial evaluation found that there exist a number of overlapping and/or ambiguous dependency types among the current models; five dependency types are particularly useful in change propagation analysis; and practitioners with different backgrounds possess various viewpoints on change propagation. To improve the state-of-the-art, a new dependency model is proposed to tackle the problems identified from the case study and the related literature. The new model classifies dependencies into intrinsic and additional dependencies on the top level, and suggests nine dependency types with precise definitions as its initial set.ConclusionsOur case study provides insights into requirement dependencies and their effects on change propagation analysis for both research and practise. The resulting new dependency model needs further evaluation and improvement.     

Paving the way for CRM success: The mediating role of knowledge management and organizational commitment

Customer relationship management (CRM) has become one of the most influential technologies in the world, and companies are increasingly implementing it to create value. However, despite significant investment in CRM technology infrastructure, empirical research offers inconsistent support for its positive impact on performance. This study develops and tests a research model analyzing the process through which CRM technology infrastructure translates into organizational performance, drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) and the knowledge-based view (KBV) of the firm. Based on an international sample of 125 hotels, the results suggest that organizational commitment and knowledge management fully mediate this process.     

Effect of introduction of structural defects on protective ability of polyesters

Permeability of a polymer plays an important role in conferring the protective ability of organic coating to the steel surface against atmospheric corrosion. Although the relationship between structure of polymers and their permeability has been extensively studied in various applications like membranes, packaging, etc., such detailed study is lacking in the area of coatings. The systematic study of structure–permeability relationship of polymers in clear coatings can give guidelines in selecting the binder for the required application. This article deals with the effect of introduction of structural defects into a straight chain aliphatic polyesters on the protective ability of their clear coatings against corrosion. The mild steel panels coated with clear coatings based on the polyesters were exposed to humidity in humidity chamber. A novel technique of detecting the onset of corrosion was used instead of conventional methods that detect the failure of the coating due to corrosion. It was observed that even at 1–10% mole defect introduced by replacement of straight chain diols with branched diols, the protective ability of clear coatings was affected drastically.     

一种应用于人脸识别的超分辨率方法

为提高局部保持投影(LPP)在人脸图像超分辨率中的适用性,在LPP中引入典型相关分析(CCA),提出一种相关性增强的局部保持投影方法(CELPP)。CELPP用于提取高分辨率图像与低分辨率图像特征,根据关系学习建立低分辨率图像特征与高分辨率图像特征之间的映射变换,输入低分辨率图像,通过CELPP特征提取和关系映射,得到高分辨率图像,并将其用于人脸识别。对人脸库ORL和Yale进行的实验结果表明,该方法同时考虑了高分辨率图像与低分辨率图像的相似性及同类图像的局部结构性,在基于人脸识别的超分辨率应用中优于LPP和CCA。