水驱油藏产油量递减率影响因素的分解方法——以锦州9-3油田和渤海油田的应用为例

从递减率定义出发,建立了水驱油藏产油量递减率与综合含水率、采油速度、含水上升率、产液量变化率4个影响因素之间的变化关系式,提出一种产油量递减率影响因素分解方法。通过该方法可以量化每个影响因素对产油量递减率的贡献大小,明确产油量递减率的主要影响因素,为油田下步调整挖潜、减缓递减的措施提供依据。应用表明,该方法能够满足油田实际产液量变化要求,且具有简单、方便、可操作性强的特点,易于矿场的推广应用。     

东坡地区沙溪庙组不同河道致密气藏气井合理配产研究

东坡地区沙溪庙组不同河道储层物性差异大,孔隙度、渗透率、含水饱和度和纵横向上非均质性不同,气井应进行分类配产,但常规的合理配产方法并不完全适用配产要求,还需要综合考虑启动压力梯度、应力敏感性、滑脱效应等因素的影响。为此,针对A、B、C三类典型河道,从合理利用地层能量、延长气井稳产、提高采收率三方面因素出发,分别利用无阻流量法、指示曲线法、数值模拟等方法开展合理配产研究,建立具有针对性的配产方式,结果表明,无阻流量法、指示曲线法、数值模拟法进行气井初期配产,均能满足气井合理生产,其中数值模拟法与实际日产气量更匹配。     

降低焦炭塔操作压力对焦化过程的影响

考察了降低焦炭塔操作压力对延迟焦化过程的影响。中试结果表明：在炉出口温度、注汽量、循环比等操作条件基本一致的情况下,当焦炭塔的操作压力由0.195MPa降低到0.115MPa时,气体和焦炭的产率降低,液体产品收率提高且表现在焦化蜡油收率的提高上,二者分别提高了2.03百分点和4.64百分点;随着操作压力的降低,焦化汽油和焦化柴油的性质基本一致,但焦化蜡油性质变差,主要表现在密度、残炭、沥青质、氮含量及金属等均有所升高,95%馏出温度提高14℃;石油焦的挥发分呈降低趋势。     

纤维分级对漂白云杉木浆纤维悬浮液屈服性能的影响

采用沉降和流变实验,研究了纤维分级对漂白云杉木浆纤维悬浮液屈服性能的影响,并分析了压缩屈服应力和剪切屈服应力的耦合相关性,通过Froude数(剪切屈服应力与压缩屈服应力的比值)表征。结果表明,分级前后各长度组分纤维(4种纤维悬浮液)的凝结集聚因子介于26.1～37.8之间,其与纤维长径比近似呈线性关系;所有长度组分纤维悬浮液的压缩屈服应力和剪切屈服应力均随集聚因子的增大而呈指数式增大;对同种纸浆,Froude数随集聚因子的增大而降低,并逐渐达到稳态值。     

溶剂对三苯二噁嗪化合物荧光性能的影响

本文测试了两个三苯二(口恶)嗪化合物在18种溶剂中的电子吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。计算了这些化合物的荧光量子产率。发现化合物的荧光光谱的ν_(max)~F与溶剂的(n~2—1)/(2n~2+1)和E_T(30)以及化合物的荧光光谱的Stokes位移△ν_s与溶剂的E_T(30)均存在着良好的线性关系。醇类溶剂与溶质间的氢键作用以及含卤素溶剂的“外部重原子效应”导致     

Response of promiscuously nodulating soybean to N and P fertilization andBradyrhizobium inoculation in a ferruginous tropical soil (Haplustalf)

Field trials were conducted at Samaru, Nigeria over a three-year period (1986–88) to study the effects of N and P fertilization on the response of promiscuously nodulating soybean toBradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation in a ferruginous tropical soil. Phosphorus fertilization enhanced nodulation, while N fertilization had no consistent effect on nodulation. Both N and P increased dry matter production. Seed yields were not influenced by the application of N. However, P increased seed yields in two out of three years. Response of seed yield to P fertilization was significant up to 26.4 kg P ha^–1.Bradyrhizobium inoculation consistently enhanced nodulation while it increased seed yield in only one out of three years. Results demonstrate that P is an important nutrient for soybean production in ferruginous tropical soils. The roles of promiscuously nodulating soybean in the maintenance of tropical soil fertility are discussed.     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

The yield stress of fibre suspensions

Yield stresses were determined for commercial wood pulp suspensions and synthetic fibre suspensions of low and medium mass concentration. The yield stresses measured represent interfibre failure of the network rather than failure between the suspension and a solid surface. The measurements were carried out in a rotary viscometer at low yield stresses and in a concentric rotary shear tester at yield stresses in excess of 2500 Pa. The experimental results were correlated with the volumetric concentration C_v in equations of the form τ_y = aC^b_v where a and b are constant for a given fibre type. It was found that b ? 3, in agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model of fibre network strength based upon the interlocking of elastically bent fibres. The dependence of the yield stress on the fibre properties of aspect ratio and modulus of elasticity was not adequately predicted by the model, suggesting that fibre bending alone did not account for the network strength over the concentration range studied.     

强度储备安全系数不同定义对稳定系数的影响

在极限平衡的双安全系数分析中,安全系数有c、tanφ的安全储备（定义1）和岩土参数a、k的安全储备（定义2）2种定义,分析了在应用有限元强度双折减系数法计算边（滑）坡安全系数时,强度储备的不同定义对计算结果的影响。2种安全系数定义得到的安全系数是不一样的,但是,强度参数c,tanφ按一定比例折减的同时,岩土参数a,k同时也在按相同的比例进行折减。Drucker-Prager准则与参数a和k的选取直接相关,若采用外接D—P准则,对于各种土体定义1和定义2得到的边（滑）坡的安全系数比较接近;若采用平面应变匹配D—P准则及等面积圆D—P准则,对于结构性黏土,定义2得到的安全系数略小于定义1,但对于滑体和滑带土为很粗的碎石土时,定义2得到的安全系数与定义1得到的安全系数要小得多。