Toward A Mechanistic Understanding of Re-Infiltration in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Surfactant-Aided Gravity Drainage Process

Surfactant-aided gravity drainage is an improved oil recovery technique for water-invaded zone in fractured carbonate reservoirs, which are mostly oil-wet or mixed-wet rocks. The re-infiltration mechanism in water-invaded zone has a considerable effect on oil vertical movement in gravity drainage processes. In this work, a mechanistic understanding of re-infiltration in surfactant-aided gravity drainage, in comparison to oil–water gravity drainage is presented using an experimentally and numerically validated model. A column model is constructed from three matrix blocks. These blocks are separated from each other by horizontal fractures. A storage tank is considered on top of the model to store depleted oil from matrix blocks. The stacked-blocks model for re-infiltration is validated and verified to simulate water and chemical flooding using a mesh independency study and experimental flooding data in a composite core experiment. Using this model, several analyses are performed to investigate effects of rock and fluid properties, rock saturation functions, wettability alteration, surfactant adsorption, and capillary continuity on re-infiltration.     

Micron-Scale Soft Actuators Fabricated from Multi-Shell Polystyrene Particle-Gold Nanoparticle Nanohybrids

Actuators made of soft matter are needed for a variety of fields ranging from biomedical devices to soft robotics to microelectromechanical systems. While there are a variety of excellent methods of soft actuation known, the field is still an area of intense research activity as new niches and needs emerge with new technology development. Here, a soft actuation system is described, based on a core-multi-shell particle, which moves via photothermal expansion. The system consists of a novel polystyrene-based thermally expandable microsphere, with a secondary shell of a silicate-silane graft copolymer, to which gold nanoparticles are covalently linked. The gold nanoparticles act as photothermal nano-transducers, converting light energy into the thermal energy necessary for microsphere expansion, which in turn results in material movement. Actuation is shown in isolated particles in thermal and photothermal regimes using metal ceramic heaters or 520 nm laser illumination, respectively. Macroscale actuation is demonstrated by making a composite material of particles suspended in the transparent elastomer polydimethylsiloxane. The sample demonstrates an inchworm-like movement by starting from an arched geometry. Overall, this work describes a new particle-based actuation method for soft materials, and demonstrates its utility in driving the movement of a composite elastomer.     

LF软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢氧化物夹杂控制影响

 对于一些采用硅锰脱氧冶炼工艺的特殊钢,为保证钢水洁净度,常会选择较长时间的LF软吹处理,导致过程能耗增加。通过工业试验,借助FEI Explorer 4自动扫描电镜检测,研究不同LF精炼软吹时间对硅脱氧弹簧钢55SiCr铸坯氧化物夹杂成分、数量的影响;并采用夹杂物极值统计法,对比评价不同LF精炼软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸控制情况。结果表明,在LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min 两种工艺条件下,铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂成分接近,均在CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃相图中假硅灰石、钙长石和钙铝黄长石共晶低熔点区,其中软吹10 min工艺铸坯氧化物夹杂组成落入低熔点区的数量所占比例更大。LF软吹10 min与软吹40 min铸坯中尺寸大于5 μm的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为11.70个/100 mm2和14.59个/100 mm2,尺寸大于15 μm 的氧化物夹杂数量密度分别为0.53个/100 mm2和1.65个/100 mm2,LF软吹10 min工艺铸坯大尺寸氧化物夹杂数量密度略低于LF软吹40 min工艺。当预测面积为30 000 mm2时,两种LF软吹时间对应成品盘条横截面最大夹杂物尺寸分别为27.1 μm和28.1 μm,盘条最大夹杂物尺寸控制无显著差别。结合硅锰脱氧钢中大尺寸低熔点CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系夹杂物主要源自钢包渣乳化卷入,具有与钢水和氩气泡界面接触角很小、难以通过吹氩上浮去除的特点,建议硅锰脱氧钢LF软吹过程按短时间快节奏进行控制。     

Mo的替代对FeNbBCu软磁纳米晶合金磁谱的影响

本文研究了Fe82Nb7-xMoxB10Cu1(x=0,1,3,5）系列纲伙晶软磁合金中Mo的含量对磁导率谱（频率范围1kHz-1MHz)的影响，并用畴壁钉扎理论进行了解释，在磁谱中观测到随着Mo含量的增加，弛豫频率线性地上升，μ′随外加磁场幅度变化曲线表明其原因在于Mo的替代导致了钉扎场的增强。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL FRICTION AND MODULUS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-EQUILIBRIUM DIFFUSION-TYPE PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN EUTECTOID Al-Zn ALLOY

The characteristics of the low frequency internal friction and the modulus effect associatedwith the non-equilibrium spinodal pretransformation and the following discontinuous trans-formation was investigated in an as-quenched eutectiod Al-Zn alloy.It was observed that theloss of the stability in the lattice,which corresponded to the large-amplitude long-wavelengthstatic concentration wave in the non-equilibrium spinodal pretransformation,did not induceany effect of localized soft modulus.Although there are two aging internal friction peaks inphase transformation which correspond to the appearance and disappearance of the coherencyin spinodal pretransformation and the maximum of the interface area in the discontinuoustransformation respectively,the effect of localized soft modulus did not take place yet.     

基于PC的开放式软PLC技术

本文讨论了开放式软PLC(softPLC)的性能特点和组成结构,比较了软PLC与传统PLC技术的异同点,分析了软PLC技术在工业控制领域的实现方案,最后阐述了它的前景及发展趋势。     

磁性材料产业现状与展望

介绍磁性材料的主要品种，如永磁体、软磁体和磁记录介质材料的行业现状及技术进步。     

水性聚氨酯结构与微相分离的研究

合成了一系列水性聚氯酯，并用红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪对乳液胶膜进行表征，考察了软段组成、DMPA含量及。(-NCO)：n(-OH)比值对产物微相分离的影响。实验结果表明：聚醚型产物的微相分离程度高于聚酯型产物。提高DMPA用量，软段Tg移向低温区，说明体系的做相分离程度加大。随着n(-NCO)：n(-OH)比值的增大，软段Tg也移向低温区，软硬段的微相分离程度增大.     

高效液相色谱法测定止痛养胃软胶囊中延胡索乙素的含量

测定止痛胃软胶囊中延索乙素的含量,可用高效液相色谱法。选用甲醇—磷酸缓冲溶液(40∶60)为流动相,测定波长280nm。结果:延胡索乙素浓度在0.02140～1.37mg/mL范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好,y=(8.390×106)x+7.505×103(r=0.9997)。结论:该法操作简便、快捷、特异性强,可用于控制止痛养胃软胶囊的质量。     

基于PLS快速剪枝法的RBF神经网络软测量模型建模方法和应用

提出一种从RBF神经网络隐含层的输出信息出发，通过PLS快速剪枝法，一次性剪去多余节点，生成最优规模的数学解析模型的方法。并用该方法建立了某化工企业精对苯二甲酸(PTA)晶体平均粒径的软测量模型，针对实际对象进行仿真研究，结果表明，该方法计算速度快，建立的模型精度高，适合实际工程应用的需求。