吸湿介质对碳纤维增强铸型尼龙复合材料的吸湿行为及力学性能的影响

本文对碳纤维增强铸型尼龙(CF／MC 尼龙)复合材料在不同吸湿介质中的吸湿行为进行了研究。结果表明，对于纤维体积分数为10％的碳纤维增强铸型尼龙复合材料(10％CF／MC尼龙复合材料)，随着吸湿介质的PH值减小，它的吸湿率增大。同时，经过吸湿后，10％CF／MC尼龙复合材料的弯曲强度有明显的下降。随着吸湿介质的PH值减小，试样的弯曲强度下降。使用环境扫描电子显微镜观察在10％HCl溶液中吸湿的试样的剪切断口形貌，得到的结果与吸湿实验的结果一致。     

大开口高承载网格加筋壳的设计与工艺

本文采用有限元法计算了承受高轴压和外压作用下的大开口复合材料纵横密加筋壳的稳定性，得出不同铺层角度、不同受力工况下的大开口圆柱壳的临界载荷，并采用1：1试验件进行试验验证，将计算值与实验值进行了比较；对大开口复合材料纵横密加筋壳的缠绕工艺进行了研究，解决了大开口网格加筋壳开口补强的一次成型技术和密筋及开口部分的多丝嘴、无增量、非线性机械化缠绕成型工艺技术。     

Hot compaction of woven nylon 6,6 multifilaments

We describe a study of the hot compaction of woven nylon 6,6 multifilaments produced by a patented procedure, developed at the University of Leeds, for creating novel single‐polymer composites. In this process, an assembly of oriented elements, often in the form of a woven cloth, is held under pressure and taken to a critical temperature so that a small fraction of the surface of each oriented element is melted, which on cooling recrystallizes to form the matrix of the single‐polymer composite. This process is therefore a way of producing novel high‐volume‐fraction polymer/polymer composites in which the two phases are chemically the same material. Nylon is an obvious candidate material for this process because oriented nylon multifilaments are available on a commercial scale. The aim of this study was first to establish the conditions of temperature and pressure for the successful hot compaction of oriented nylon 6,6 fibers and second to assess the mechanical properties of the manufactured hot‐compacted nylon sheets. A crucial aspect of this work, not previously examined in hot‐compaction studies of other oriented polymers, was the sensitivity of the properties to absorbed water, with a significant change in the properties measured immediately after hot‐compaction processing and 2 weeks later when 2% water had been absorbed by the compacted nylon sheets. As expected, the water uptake had a greater effect on those properties that depended on local chain interactions (e.g., the modulus and yield strength) and less effect on those properties that depended on the large‐scale properties of the molecular network (e.g., strength). The only negative aspect of the properties of the hot‐compacted nylon sheets was the elevated‐temperature performance of the wet sample, with the modulus falling to a very low value at a temperature of 80°C. However, apart from the elevated‐temperature performance, the majority of the measured properties of the hot‐compacted nylon sheets were comparable to those of hot‐compacted polypropylene and poly(ethylene terephthalate). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 991–997, 2006     

S—94触变性不饱和聚酯树脂的制备和开发

在基体树脂中添加触变剂白炭黑，制成了Ｓ－９４触变性不饱和聚酯树脂。该树脂的触变指数比基体树脂高３倍多，改善了不饱和聚酯树脂的流变性。     

苎麻落麻纤维的PVC包覆处理研究

本文研究了PVC包覆处理对苎麻落麻纤维的吸水性、纤维表面状态、纤维单丝强度等的影响.与未处理的落麻纤维增强PP复合材料比较,包覆处理后落麻纤维增强PP复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度较处理前提高了20%.     

Preparation and properties of T300 carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic polyimide composites

In this study, a series of T300 carbon fiber‐reinforced polyimide (CFRPI) composites were prepared by laminating premolding polyimide (PI) films with unidirectional carbon fiber (CF) layers. On the basis of PI systems design, the effect of CF volume fraction, processing conditions, and PI molecular structure on the properties of CFRPI composites was studied in detail. In addition, two kinds of nano‐particles, including carbon nano‐tube (CNT) and SiO₂ were filled into the premolding PI films with different concentrations. And the effect of nano‐particles on the properties of CFRPI composites was also investigated. The surface characteristic of T300 CF was measured by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The properties of premolding PI film and CFRPI composites were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMTA), SANS testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and so forth. These experimental results showed that the properties of CFRPI composites were mainly affected by the premolding PI film and molding condition. The change of CF volume fraction from 55% to 65% took little effect on the mechanical properties of CFRPI composites. In addition, the incorporation of nano‐particle SiO₂ could further improve the properties of CFRPI composites, but CNT hardly improved the properties of CFRPI composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 646–654, 2006     

大跨双曲混凝土组合扭壳屋盖施工拆模优化分析

由于混凝土抗拉能力较差,双曲组合扭壳抵抗悬垂线方向的主拉应力控制至关重要.如果拆模顺序不当,可能会使壳体结构产生过大的拉应力.为解决此问题,以华工扭壳为例,对平行四边形底面双曲组合扭壳的满堂脚手架施工拆模顺序进行全面优化分析,并与工程实测进行对比,得出较为合理的拆模方式.     

约束混凝土柱的升降温全过程轴力分析

利用SAFIR程序,开展了约束混凝土柱的升降温全过程轴力分析。考察了轴向/转动约束刚度比、截面边长、荷载比、荷载偏心率、配筋率、升温时间等参数对ISO834标准升降温过程作用下约束混凝土柱的轴力的影响规律,并与单调升温时的相应规律进行了比较。通过对2880种工况的计算分析,建议给出了该类构件轴力变化系数的实用计算方法。研究结果表明：对于轴向/转动约束混凝土柱,无论单调升温还是先升温后降温,轴力变化系数总体都呈现出先逐渐增大而后有所减小或基本保持稳定,最后以较大速率持续降低的趋势,主要区别在于后期单调升温对应的降低速率一般比先升温后降温时更大;对于先升温后降温的轴向/转动约束混凝土柱,转动约束刚度比、柱长和混凝土保护层厚度对轴力变化系数影响较小,而轴向约束刚度比、荷载偏心率和配筋率越大或荷载比和截面边长越小,轴力变化系数的峰值就越大。     

配置高强钢筋的混凝土梁裂缝试验研究

采用两点对称集中的同步分级加载方式,对8根配置500MPa钢筋和4根配置400MPa细晶钢筋的混凝土梁进行静力加载试验,观测试件的裂缝发展过程,了解此类构件的裂缝特点,为工程中推广应用500MPa钢筋和400MPa细晶钢筋提供试验依据。试验结果表明,配置500MPa钢筋和400MPa细晶钢筋的受弯构件裂缝发展规律与普通钢筋混凝土受弯构件基本相同,但在正常使用状态下,按照现行混凝土结构设计规范对此类构件进行裂缝宽度验算,计算值均大于试验值。同时,结合其它67根配置高强钢筋的混凝土梁试验数据,评估了现行混凝土结构设计规范裂缝宽度公式的适用性,并在该规范的计算模式基础上,提出平均裂缝间距及短期最大裂缝宽度计算的修正公式,修正公式的计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

装配式预应力空心板桥面混凝土铺装层病害及防治

针对影响桥梁使用和维修保养的桥面铺装层问题,研究分析了装配式预应力混凝土空心板桥面混凝土铺装层的纵桥向裂缝、横桥向裂缝、龟裂、松散剥落及伸缩缝处破坏等常见病害的产生机理,提出了相应的设计与施工措施.概括总结了钢纤维混凝土、合成纤维混凝土、混杂纤维混凝土和钢纤维轻混凝土在桥面铺装层中的研究成果,列举了几个需要进一步深入研究的课题.