论地表水流分质排放方法

水质和水量分割在不同体系进行监测和管理的传统水污染治理技术,使水域只能被动接纳水体。为此,提出了一种创新技术体制--水流分质排放方法,建立了水质、水量监测和水体分流设施一体化的智能感知与控制系统。论述了实现该法的技术难点;运用相关性原理分析发现水质项目间存在多向相关项目,论证了从多向相关项目中选取能进行快速在线监测的项目以及求取和分级的方法;并按其监测速度分成若干优先监测级别,使被保护水域能快速选择性接纳符合水质管理目标的水体,实现创新技术体制。查新报告表明,在国内外未见相同文献。实践证明,该方法能快速灵敏选择水体,有效防止污染扩散和输移。     

Searching for differences in race: Is there evidence for preferential detection of other-race faces?

Previous research has suggested that like animal and social fear-relevant stimuli, other-race faces (African American) are detected preferentially in visual search. Three experiments using Chinese or Indonesian faces as other-race faces yielded the opposite pattern of results: faster detection of same-race faces among other-race faces. This apparently inconsistent pattern of results was resolved by showing that Asian and African American faces are detected preferentially in tasks that have small stimulus sets and employ fixed target searches. Asian and African American other-race faces are found slower among Caucasian face backgrounds if larger stimulus sets are used in tasks with a variable mapping of stimulus to background or target. Thus, preferential detection of other-race faces was not found under task conditions in which preferential detection of animal and social fear-relevant stimuli is evident. Although consistent with the view that same-race faces are processed in more detail than other-race faces, the current findings suggest that other-race faces do not draw attention preferentially. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An adaptive technique for content-based image retrieval

We discuss an adaptive approach towards Content-Based Image Retrieval. It is based on the Ostensive Model of developing information needs—a special kind of relevance feedback model that learns from implicit user feedback and adds a temporal notion to relevance. The ostensive approach supports content-assisted browsing through visualising the interaction by adding user-selected images to a browsing path, which ends with a set of system recommendations. The suggestions are based on an adaptive query learning scheme, in which the query is learnt from previously selected images. Our approach is an adaptation of the original Ostensive Model based on textual features only, to include content-based features to characterise images. In the proposed scheme textual and colour features are combined using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence combination. Results from a user-centred, work-task oriented evaluation show that the ostensive interface is preferred over a traditional interface with manual query facilities. This is due to its ability to adapt to the user's need, its intuitiveness and the fluid way in which it operates. Studying and comparing the nature of the underlying information need, it emerges that our approach elicits changes in the user's need based on the interaction, and is successful in adapting the retrieval to match the changes. In addition, a preliminary study of the retrieval performance of the ostensive relevance feedback scheme shows that it can outperform a standard relevance feedback strategy in terms of image recall in category search.     

Le Psychologue dans la Societe.

A recent sortie into the history of presidential addresses in C.P.A. turned up an interesting sidelight. Two of the first 4 presidents had chosen to discuss directly psychology's responsibilities to society (Line, 1945; Bernhardt, 1947); since 1947, presidential addresses have shown a predominant concern for scientific aspects of psychology with internal organizational matters of the Association receiving lesser but still substantial attention. This struck me as being curious. If it can be assumed that presidents reflect, to some extent at least, the concerns of the Association, it might be expected that there would have been more attention paid to psychology's obligations to society. Very clearly, the founding fathers saw C.P.A., not as an ivory-tower retreat, but as an organization with deep social responsibilities. Is Northway (1968) right in her contention that, following the War, many powerful psychologists retreated to their ivory labs and that the ivory labs have become ivory skyscrapers? Have we consciously changed our objectives since the 1940's, or have I misread the omens? My questions stem from doubts about our contribution to pressing social issues in the world or, in a more restricted way, about Canadian psychology's contribution to pressing Canadian problems. I don't, for a moment, accept the claim, put forward by a colleague, that C.P.A. is still playing tunes on its old Galton whistle. But, it does seem that, as a discipline concerned with the behaviour of individuals and groups, psychology in Canada has been unduly quiet about a number of social issues on which it has something important to contribute. What is more distressing is the number of social issues to which psychology should have more to contribute than it has. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于颜色特征图像检索与相关反馈综合研究

介绍了三种基于颜色特征的图像检索算法,说明了相关反馈的基本原理,随后指出上述三种算法各自的优势与不足,提出了把上述三种算法和相关反馈进行综合考虑的算法思想,并通过实验数据给出说明该方法效率明显高于前三种方法,最后提出了该方法的进一步发展方向。     

结合查询相关性的关键词查询排序方法

针对关系数据库关键词查询系统中的结果排序问题,提出了一种新的排序方法.该方法结合了查询相关性和结构权重,将单个元组看作是一个虚拟文档,通过对元组引入信息检索(information retrieval,JR)式评分方式,采用标准化词频和标准化逆文档频率说明元组与查询条件之间的相关性程度,对整个结果采用结构权重来反应结果的语义强度.相比于以往只考虑结构权重的排序方法,该方法能更有效的将与查询高度相关的结果排在前面.实验结果表明,结合查询相关性的排序方法可以有效的对结果进行排序.     

面向网页结构特征的Hopfield 算法

针对目前互联网信息资源广泛、网页结构复杂、噪音信息较多的现状,主题爬虫获取有效信息过程中精确度低、耗费时间长等问题。结合经典的Hopfield算法,提出了针对网页结构特征进行分块的主题爬行改进算法,实验证明该改进算法在一定程度上能有效地解决目前信息获取过程中所面临的问题。     

基于拉普拉斯评分的多标记特征选择算法

针对传统的拉普拉斯评分特征选择算法只适应单标记学习,无法直接应用于多标记学习的问题,提出一种应用于多标记任务的拉普拉斯评分特征选择算法。首先,考虑样本在整体标记空间中共同关联和共同不关联的相关性,重新构建样本相似度矩阵;然后,将特征之间的相关性及冗余性判定引入拉普拉斯评分算法中,采用前向贪心搜索策略依次评价候选特征与已选特征的联合作用能力,用于评价特征的重要性;最后,在5个不同评价指标和6个多标记数据集上实验。实验结果表明：相比基于最大依赖的多标记维数约简方法（MDDM）、基于贝叶斯分类器的多标记特征选择算法（MLNB）及基于多元互信息的多标记分类特征选择算法（PMU）,所提算法不仅分类性能最优,且存在显著性优异达65%。     

.基于用户查询扩展的自动摘要技术*

提出了一种新的文档自动摘要方法,利用非负矩阵分解算法将原始文档表示为若干语义特征向量的线性组合,通过相似性计算来确定与用户查询高度相关的语义特征向量,抽取在该向量上具有较大投影系数的句子作为摘要,在此过程中,多次采用相关反馈技术对用户查询进行扩展优化。实验表明,该方法所得摘要在突出文档主题的同时,体现了用户的需求和兴趣,有效改善了信息检索的效率。