Experimental and theoretical study on thermal and moisture characteristics of new-type bamboo structure wall

Thermal and moisture characteristics of the bamboo structure wall were tested in natural climate and three representative variation processes of heat and moisture: heating from solar radiation in summer at normal temperature and humidity, heating from solar radiation in summer at normal temperature and high humidity after rain, humidifying from brash in summer at high temperature and normal humidity. The results show that, in summer, the largest temperature difference between external and internal surface of the 28 mm-thick bamboo plywood wall is 11.73 °C (at 15:40) and the largest strain difference is 136 μm/m (at 18:50), both in ambient and indoor conditioned environment. In heating process, lengthways of the wall surface are in contracting strain while transverse ways are in expanding strain at initial stage and in contracting strain during later period. When the high temperature wall is humidified by rain, the surface temperature drops, moisture content increases and the expanding strain is presented on the surface during the whole process. Temperature and moisture content are two important factors which affect thermal and moisture stress (TMS) of the bamboo structure wall. The TMS is not only related to temperature and moisture content, but also greatly affected by temperature gradient, moisture content gradient and rates of changing.     

Stretch rate and deformation for pre-stretching aluminum alloy sheet

Numerical simulation combined with experimental test was carried out to analyze the pre-stretching process of the 7075 aluminum alloy sheet, from which the stress variation curves and residual stress of aluminum alloy sheet in different stretch rates were obtained. The results show that the residual stress in length direction is released after unloading the stretch force, while the residual stress in width direction is released during the stretching process. The study of residual stress elimination is beneficial for optimizing stretch rate on the basis of residual stress distribution law. By comparing the variation principle of residual stress in length direction, the size range of three deformation areas and elimination percentage of residual stress were obtained. The residual stresses of clamping area and transition area are not eliminated effectively, so sawing quantity should be the sum of both the areas. The elimination rate of residual stress in even deformation area could reach 90% after choosing a proper stretch rate, which is verified by both simulation and experiment.     

应力吸收层结合料流变特性研究

应力吸收层的抗裂抗渗功能对其改性沥青结合料提出了更高的要求,但长期以来,国内外对应力吸收层结合料的研究相对较少,尤其是对其流变特性的研究,而改性沥青在不同温度下的流变性能与其实际的路用性能关系密切。选取两种应力吸收层改性沥青、两种普通改性沥青和一种基质沥青,根据SHRP规范推荐的试验方法,对比研究了5种沥青老化前后的高温、中温和低温流变性能。结果表明,应力吸收层结合料具有较好的抗老化性能,并具有良好的低温抗裂和中温抗疲劳性能。研究成果为应力吸收层的推广应用提供了试验依据。     

压实粘性土三轴拉伸试验研究

对于岩土材料而言,在相同的压力下(应力张量第一不变量I1)的三轴拉伸强度与三轴压缩强度相比,在较低的偏应力下发生破坏,这说明岩土材料的强度明显依赖于偏应力张量第三不变量J3,而常用莫尔-库仑准则虽然能够反映在相同的压力下三轴拉伸与压缩强度的差异性,但其比值Q2与压力无关.通过三轴压缩和三轴拉伸试验,对主应力差和比值Q2随压力的变化进行了研究,结果表明:在一定压力范围内,主应力差与围压的关系为线性关系;在低围压(指使试样发生剪切破坏的最小围压),测试获得的主应力差值与摩尔-库伦公式计算值相当,但随着围压的增加,两者差值增加,且计算所得的主应力差均大于测试值;在一定范围内,比值Q2随压力(应力张量第一不变量I1)呈线性指数递减变化;同时在较低压力下,三轴拉压强度比值与利用莫尔-库仑准则计算的数值相当.     

密度锁正向启动特性的实验研究

以应用密度锁的非能动余热排出系统为背景,针对密度锁内水力平衡的建立问题,通过实验研究与理论分析相结合的方法,对不同条件下的密度锁正向启动特性进行研究.实验结果表明:当启动流量与平衡流量偏差较小时,通过上、下界面位置的微小变化,正向启动可以很快地建立密度锁内的水力平衡;当启动流量与平衡流量之间的偏差较大时,在正向启动初期通过上、下界面位置的变化所建立的水力平衡仅是一个亚稳态平衡.而密度锁内最终的水力平衡仅是通过上密度锁内界面位置的变化建立的,下密度锁内界面位置与开阀预热阶段后相同.在实验研究的基础上,通过理论分析给出了成功实现正向启动的条件.     

改进的灰色灾变模型在干旱预测中的应用

为提高传统的GM(1,1)模型精度,分别从原始数据序列检验和建立残差修正模型两方面进行了改进,并将改进的灰色灾变模型与不进行原始序列检验的GM(1,1)1模型和对原始数据序列进行检验的GM(1,1)2模型进行了比较。结果表明:改进的灰色灾变模型精度最高;运用该模型预测榆林市未来可能发生干旱的年份分别为2012年、2015年和2019年。     

建基面岩体表层低波速带分布特征及其成因

坝基开挖后,表层岩体会产生松弛卸荷现象,引起表层岩体声波波速明显降低,在表层形成低波速带。某水电站坝基左岸表层低波速带空间分布特征分析结果表明:坝基岩体表层低波速带的空间分布呈层状,局部出现异常深度;坝基表层低波速带在空间上的分布状况与表层岩体浅表生时效变形、建基面地质构造等因素有关。     

桩群排列方式对水流结构特性的影响

利用室内水槽试验模拟了桩群不同排列方式工况下水流的运动规律,借助三维超声波多普勒测速仪(ADV)量测了不同断面、不同垂线、不同测点的时均流速,得到了不同工况下的流速分布、紊动强度、雷诺应力,并分析了它们的变化特征。结果表明:桩群使流速重新分布,在桩群区与非桩群区交界处流速明显减小,且桩群布置密度大时,水流绕流流速最大;当桩群排列方式改变时,各断面的三向紊动强度都会发生较大改变,但是对于某一方向上的紊动强度各断面仍有一定的相似性;修桩后雷诺应力分布规律有所不同,水流上侧的雷诺应力较大;桩群排列方式的改变不仅使雷诺应力沿程变化较大,而且改变了雷诺应力时均值的大小及最大值出现的位置。     

掺砂水泥复合土力学性能研究

水泥复合土不同围压下的常规三轴试验和无侧限抗压强度试验结果表明:在水泥土中掺入一定量的砂,可以提高水泥土的无侧限抗压强度;在有围压作用的情况下,掺砂水泥复合土的偏应力—应变关系曲线有明显的峰值,偏应力—应变关系曲线属加工软化型,其残余强度和破坏应变随着围压的增大而增大。通过SEM电镜扫描照片,进一步从微观角度分析了水泥复合土的固化机理。     

大体积混凝土一期通水冷却时机研究

大体积混凝土一期通水冷却的时间选择是一个影响冷却效果的重要因素,采用水管有限元法和水管冷却等效热传导法进行了研究,并对比分析了环境气温分别为升温过程和降温过程对计算结果的影响。计算结果表明：随着一期开始通水冷却时间的延后,冷却效果更好,停止通水后混凝土的温度更低,但混凝土内部应力趋于不利;当环境气温为升温过程或降温过程时,仍可以得到上述结论;建议大体积混凝土一期通水冷却宜尽早进行。