基于层叠模型的网络流量异常检测方法*

进行网络流量异常检测,需要对正常流量行为建立准确的模型,根据异常流量与正常模型间的偏离程度作出判断。针对现有网络流量模型中自相似模型与多分形模型无法全面刻画流量特征的不足,提出了一种基于流量层叠模型分析的异常检测算法,采用层叠模型对整个时间尺度上的流量特征进行更准确的描述,并运用小波变换对流量的层叠模型进行估计,分析异常流量对模型估计的影响,提出统计累计偏离量进行异常流量检测的方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效检测出基于自相似Hurst系数方法不能检测的弱异常以及未明显影响Hurst系数变化的异常流。     

低碳结构钢的氢脆行为研究

采用宏观、微观、纳米等手段,开展低碳钢在酸性环境中氢诱导作用对其力学性能影响进行研究。从研究结果可以看出,氢浓度和腐蚀扩展速率存在一定关系,低碳钢暴露于富氢酸性环境28天后,体积弹性模量显著降低。通过微观结构分析,发现氢渗透引起的大晶粒的变形、裂纹和氢鼓包是性能下降的主要原因。此外,通过在不同时间对试样的不同区域进行纳米压痕,确定了氢对晶粒纳米弹性和纳米硬度性能的影响。在宏观、微观和纳米层面上对受到氢损伤钢的力学性能的进一步研究,将对低碳结构钢的维护和使用寿命预测提供一种新途径。     

不同标号沥青的流变性能

借助温度扫描、频率扫描、多重应力蠕变恢复等实验,对20号、30号、50号、70号沥青及其旋转薄膜烘箱老化后沥青的流变性能进行了评价。结果表明：随着温度升高,4种沥青老化前后复数剪切模量和车辙因子均降低,并且老化后的高于老化前;在60℃温度下,无论是在低频还是高频荷载作用下,标号越低,沥青耐剪切变形能力越强,耐车辙性越好,而应力敏感性降低;标号越低的沥青,G-R参数值越大,耐开裂性则降低。     

Resilience-aware design of interconnected supply chain networks with application to water-energy nexus

The effects of natural disasters, pandemic-induced lockdowns, and other disruptions often cascade across networks. In this work, we use minimum cost of resilience (MCOR) and operation-based resilience metrics to quantify network performance against single-connectivity failures and identify critical connections in interconnected networks. MCOR corresponds to the minimum additional infrastructure investment that is required to achieve a certain level of resilience. To guarantee MCOR, we incorporate the metrics in a multi-scenario mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that accounts for resilience in the design phase of interconnected networks. The goal is to obtain optimal generation and transportation capacities with flexible operation under all single-connectivity disruption scenarios. We demonstrate the applicability of our resilience-aware framework on a water-energy nexus (WEN) example focusing on grass-root design and retrofitting. We further apply the framework to analyze a regional WEN and observe that it is possible to achieve “full” resilience in the expense of additional regional investments.     

弛豫铁电体Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3的相变

测量了(1-x％)镁铌酸铅-x％钛酸铅(1≤X≤11)(简称PMNTx)陶瓷样品的介电常数、内耗和Young’s模量．观测到在Tm温度附近，即在介电常数达到最大值时，出现一个内耗峰，并且模量发生软化．这反映了极化纳米微畴的弛豫．对于PMNTx(5≤x≤11)的样品，在Tm温度以下的某个温度出现附加的内耗峰和Young’s模量的异常，表明样品中发生了自发的弛豫铁电到铁电(简称R-F)的相变，对R-F相变的机制进行了讨论．     

The Recovery of Elastic Properties at 35 °C in TRIP 700 Steel Following Deformation

The influence of plastic deformation on the elastic properties that determine the magnitude of springback following forming was investigated using dynamic modulus analysis. For this study, the elastic modulus of TRIP 700 steel was measured continuously at 35 °C and a loading frequency of 1.0 Hz for 1000 min following deformation by cold rolling to varying levels up to 27%. The elastic modulus increased at an exponentially decaying rate during these experiments and with a magnitude that increased with pre-strain. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that deformation creates microstructural defects that contribute compliance when the stress state changes and that these defects are removed by annealing at this low temperature. This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2006, Innovations in Metal Forming symposium held in Cincinnati, OH, October 15-19, 2006.     

Si复合Al2O3-SiC材料热机械性能的研究

通过应力-应变关系、高温抗折强度等高温试验，研究了金属硅复合Al2O3-SiC材料的热机械性能，结合SEM和XRD，对金属硅复合Al2O3-SiC材料高温显微结构和物相进行分析。结果表明：金属硅作为一个组元，不仅能缓解Al2O3-SiC材料由于热膨胀系数不匹配产生的内应力，而且使Al2O3-SiC材料兼具有金属塑性的特点，从而改善了Al2O3-SiC无机材料热机械性能。     

Ti-Mo-Zr-Fe合金的微观结构与纳米压入特性的关系

通过不同的热处理制度控制TMZF合金中的相组成和含量，利用XRD分析确定各种相结构。利用纳米压入测量仪测试了不同组织结构下的硬度和弹性模量。结果表明，当合金中存在ω相时，合金的的硬度和弹性模量最高，随着热处理温度的提高，合金中的ω相消失，代之而来的是α相，而且越接近β转变温度，α相含量越少，对应的弹性模量和硬度越来越低。对于Ti—Mo—Zr-Fe合金来说压入性能（硬度、弹性模量）与相成分之间存在着良好的匹配关系。     

Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction in polycrystalline copper

An attempt has been made to measure the temperature dependence of dynamic Young’s modulus together with the related variation of internal friction in polycrystalline copper. A mechanical spectroscopy study was employed using a standard servo hydraulic fatigue testing machine equipped with a scanning laser extensometer. Dynamic Young’s modulus and internal friction were measured over a temperature range of 298 to 873 K at very low frequencies of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 Hz. One internal friction peak was observed over the ranges 450 to 700 K, together with marked decreases in the dynamic Young’s modulus in the same temperature range. From a quantitative analysis of the experimental data with the relaxation strength, relaxation time, and activation energy, it is concluded that the peak phenomenon is due to grain-boundary sliding relaxation.     

冷轧模拟器气泡现象机理分析及攻关措施

冷轧模拟器是模拟轧机轧制带钢的试验设备。针对其张力液压缸存在抖动现象，同时液压油缸存在大量气泡，不能满足轧制要求的问题，对其原因进行了分析。结果表明，液压系统单液压缸匹配双伺服阀的特殊设计，当伺服阀左位工作时，压力比远大于3.5的气穴临界值，造成大量气泡产生；而对液压油体积弹性模量的机理研究表明，气体的存在降低了液压油体积弹性模量，极易造成系统不稳定。通过对液压油箱结构优化，引导液压油“S型”流动，使气体充分释放，张力液压缸抖动现象明显改善，满足了冷轧模拟轧制要求。