氨法处理硫酸装置尾气生产亚铵的实践

介绍用氨法处理硫酸装置尾气生产亚硫酸铵的工艺流程、控制指标、主要设备和生产运行情况。实践表明,氨法SO2吸收率高,可实现装置尾气达标排放,但也存在产品品位较低的问题。对问题进行了分析并提出改进意见。     

Methane Transport Capacity of Rice Plants. II. Variations Among Different Rice Cultivars and Relationship with Morphological Characteristics

Of the total methane (CH4) emitted from a rice field during the growing season 60–90% is emitted through the rice plants. We determined the methane transport capacity (MTC) of rice plants at different physiological growth stages using an automatic measuring system under greenhouse conditions. A total of 12 cultivars (10 inbred varieties and 2 hybrids) were studied in sets of two experiments and was distinguished into three groups according to the patterns of MTC development. MTC is generally increasing from seedling stage to panicle initiation (PI), but differs in the development from PI to maturity. While the hybrid showed a gradual increase in MTC, the inbred cultivars showed either minor changes in MTC or a drastic decrease from flowering to maturity. Among tall cultivars, Dular showed the highest MTC, followed by B40; the lowest MTC was found in Intan. High-yielding dwarf cultivars showed MTC in the descending order of IR72 > IR52 > IR64 > PSBRc 20. New plant type cultivars showed very low MTC with IR65600 exhibiting the smallest MTC at PI, flowering, and maturity. Hybrids (Magat and APHR 2) showed the largest MTC that continued to increased with plant growth. The MTC patterns were attributed to growth parameters and the development of morphological characteristics of the aerenchyma. These results suggest that in tall, dwarf, and NPT cultivars, increase in root or aboveground biomass during initial growth determines a corresponding increase in MTC. Once aerenchyma has fully developed, further increase in plant biomass would not influence MTC. However, in the case of hybrids, a positive relationship of MTC with root + shoot biomass (r = 0.672, p 0.05) and a total plant biomass including grain (r = 0.849, p 0.01) indicate continuous development of aerenchyma with plant growth, resulting in enhanced MTC. In all cultivars, tiller number, but not height, was linearly related to MTC, indicating that the number of outlets/channels rather than plant size/biomass determines the transport of CH₄. These results clearly demonstrate that rice cultivars differ significantly in MTC. Therefore, the use of high-yielding cultivars with low MTC (for example, PSBRc 20, IR65598, and IR65600) could be an economically feasible, environmentally sound, and promising approach to mitigate CH₄ emissions from rice fields.     

尿素装置液相浓度在线自动检测软件的研究

为了改善尿素装置先进的控制和落后的人工检测物料浓度之间的矛盾，运用化工热力学原理，以及热力学模型组合求解法，研制了液相浓度实时检测软件。并开发了多种软件以适应各类尿素流程（水溶液全循环法、ＣＯ２汽提法、氨汽提法）的需要     

稻草净防除稻田杂草试验

稻草净亩用５０￣１００克对稻田眼子菜、鸭舌草、甲叶薄等阔叶杂草有很好的防效，并用明显的增产作用。大田移载后１５天一次施药可以控制水稻田整个生育期的阔叶杂草。     

水煤浆厂生产现状与发展

总结了目前国内水煤浆生产厂的类型和规模,介绍了水煤浆产品的品种、质量特征以及水煤浆厂的生产技术经济指标,阐述了我国水煤浆厂生产的现状与发展趋势。     

抛秧稻田杂草发生与化除技术研究初报

抛秧田杂草不但种类多，危害重，而且化除难度大，技术要求高，据１９９３－１９９５年的试验、示范结果证明，一般草害田，掌握在抛栽后１０－１５天，每公顷用５０％二氯喹啉酸３７５－４５０克加１０％苄嘧黄隆１５０－２２５克，采用喷雾或毒土法防治一次，对稗草和多种阔叶草的防效一般可稳定在９０－９３％左右，并且可使亩产增加２成左右，但多草田和漏水田，则应通过二次用药或提高药剂用量的方法加以解决。     

分离机械在金隆公司废酸处理中的应用

介绍375kt/a铜冶炼烟气制酸装置废酸处理系统的分离机械－－石膏脱水离心机，铜、砷滤饼压滤机和硫酸中和渣回转真空过滤机。对使用过程出现的主要故障进行分析，提出相应的解决办法。     

中国石油2004年乙烯业务概述

回顾了中国石油所属乙烯装置2004年的生产情况,总结生产管理、技术进步及改造发展工作。介绍了2005年的工作目标和任务。     

打火机专用SAN树脂工业化开发生产

介绍了15kt/a本体苯乙烯－丙烯腈（SAN)装置试生产打火机专用SAN树脂的生产情况，确定了主要工艺配方及参数：进料组成为乙苯浓度为6％－11％、丙烯腈浓度为30％－42％，聚合温度130－145℃、压力0．40－0．46MPa，搅拌转速60－90r/min，脱挥温度215－250℃、压力小于等于4kPa；并对影响打火机志用SAN树脂性能的主要工艺条件及因素进行了讨论。结果表明，聚合温度、结合丙烯腈含量、熔体流动指数、转化率是影响打火机专用SAN树脂生产工艺及产品性能的主要因素。     

硫酸装置布朗扩散型纤维除雾器的现场测试

开发了一种用于布朗扩散型纤维除雾器的便携式现场测试装置，用这套装置可在现场测定纤维床阻力，从而对元件制造水平进行评价和比较，或在维修期间预测清洗后元件的操作性能。介绍便携式现场测试装置的设备布局、安装和运行，并对整体充填、平行缠绕、斜交叉缠绕纤维床及同心组合纤维床进行比较。此外，论述了硫酸装置工艺气体压降的价值。