Continual conversion of free fatty acid in rice bran oil to triacylglycerol by immobilized lipase

Rice bran oil containing 30–50% free fatty acid was continually converted to an oil containing more than 75% of triacylglycerol (TG) by means of immobilized lipase. The reaction was carried out at 60°C for 24 h with dehydration and reactant mixing by dry nitrogen flow under a positive nitrogen atmosphere. Enzymatic TG synthesis with evaporation by heating was not suitable because of the increasing peroxide value of the oil. Part of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society at Sendai, Japan, October, 16, 1990.     

Mössbauer analysis of iron phases in brown coal ash and fireside deposits

The iron phases present in an electrostatic precipitator ash, an uncooled ash deposit and a cooled superheater ash deposit from Hazelwood Power Station, Australia, burning Morwell brown coal has been examined using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The principal iron phase in the precipitator ash and the uncooled ash deposit from a hot gas offtake was calcium aluminoferrite (Ca₂Fe_{2 ? x}Al_xO₅). Minor amounts of hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) were also detected in the precipitator ash. The cooled superheater ash deposit contained a (Mg, Fe, Al) oxide spinel as the primary iron phase; small quantities of hematite were also detected in this deposit close to the heat exchanger interface. The formation of these iron phases has been rationalized on the basis of the average composition of coal delivered to the power station and supplementary ash chemistry data obtained from other techniques. The evidence suggests that the calcium aluminoferrite in the precipitator ash is derived from inorganic constituents (distributed throughout the coal organic matrix) and the hematite and magnetite are of mineral origin (discrete particles).     

Aspects of moisture kinetics of coal bottom ash in concrete

The moisture kinetics aspects of composite granular material samples composed of natural sand and bottom ash (BA) from thermoelectric power stations and the use of this material in the production of durable concretes, in relation to water transport, are here discussed. The evaluations of the phenomenon of water absorption by capillarity and the loss of water through air drying until hygroscopic equilibrium, were carried out in accordance with classic procedures found in the literature and also newly developed procedures. The results showed that due to the high porosity of BA, the water absorption by capillarity along with the absorption velocity were higher in the compositions with greater BA content. The values for moisture equilibrium from air drying, absorption from capillarity and sorptivity obtained in the hygroscopic equilibrium tests, carried out on the same samples after absorption, were also higher in the samples with BA. These samples also requited a longer drying time.     

锌灰制备活性氧化锌新工艺

以炼锌厂废锌灰为原料，经硫酸浸取制备活性氧化锌，考察了工艺条件对锌浸出率的影响。实验结果表明：锌灰在50℃浸取，酸用量40g／L，可使锌的溶出率达92．8％。碱式碳酸锌最佳水解温度为40℃，水解时间为2h，pH为7．5时，溶液中锌质量浓度为10g／L，得到96％以上的水解率。采用该工艺制得的氧化锌符合HG／T2572-1994。     

米糠精制产品的应用

对米糠综合利用的途径进行了详细论述；并总结厂各种米糠精制产品在日用化工、医药工业、食品工业、精细化工领域的具体用途，包括米糠油的浸提技术，米糠油作为营养保健食品的开发利用，米糠油作为油脂化工原材料的深加工；米糠油精炼皂脚中提取游离脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物的制备；米糠脱水、脱臭、脱色的小皂化物提取谷甾醇、生育酚、谷维素的方法；米糠脱蜡副产物制备糠蜡和二十烷醇的利用及米糠饼(粕)提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的利用途径，最后提出了大力发展我国米糠产业的市场前景。     

海工高性能混凝土用复合胶凝材料的试验研究

在调查分析海工混凝土工程实例的基础上，试验研究了硅酸盐水泥中掺入矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等混合材料对海工混凝土性能的影响。研究结果表明，在硅酸盐水泥中掺加矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等混合材料可以改善海工混凝土的综合性能。矿物混合材料的复合掺入比单独掺入能更好地改善混凝土抗Cl^-侵蚀性能。海工专用复合胶凝材料生产时宜尽可能地采用多种混合材料。     

粉煤灰吸附特性研究

在粉煤灰理化特性分析的基础上,对粉煤灰进行了物理激发和化学激发.研究结果表明：物理激发和化学激发均能提高粉煤灰的吸附活性.化学激发方法在反应温度为90℃、反应时间为12h、灰钙比为5、水固比为15时,粉煤灰的吸附活性提高最大.     

硫酸盐腐蚀粉煤灰混凝土后强度超声检测评定

为进一步研究混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的机理,以粉煤灰混凝土为研究对象,在高浓度硫酸盐溶液中进行加速腐蚀,并结合受硫酸盐腐蚀后混凝土强度变化规律,采用超声平测法对受腐蚀混凝土进行检测．研究结果表明,超声平测声速与损伤度之间有较好的回归关系．在此基础上,建立了腐蚀混凝土强度与声速之间的关系模型．     

脱硫渣用于加气混凝土生产的试验研究

通过对邯郸市某电厂脱硫渣的化学组成及稳定性分析,探讨脱硫渣掺量对制品性能的影响,试图将脱硫渣替代石膏和部分粉煤灰用于加气混凝土的生产。试验结果表明:当脱硫渣掺量为10%时,能有效的抑制加气混凝土的前期发气速度,而且通过适当延长发气时间,可使气孔分布更为均匀,其制品干体积密度和强度均满足加气混凝土砌块要求;当掺量超过15%时,由于脱硫渣自身的活性低,制品变得脆而易爆裂;若脱硫渣单一代替石膏作为缓凝剂,则缓凝效果较差。     

变速积分增量式PID在气力除灰控制系统中的应用

针对除灰系统运行过程中管道内灰量的变化引起电机负载变化导致物料不能被顺利输送的问题,将增量式PID控制技术引入气力除灰控制系统中.根据偏差大小对控制系统的影响,设计了变速积分增量式PID控制器.通过仿真驱动电机转速与时间的响应曲线,对于变速积分增量式PID控制器达到匀速的时间为0.3s,在快速性和稳定性上都明显优于传统PID控制器.