基于弹头型屈服的轻骨料混凝土强度准则

试验表明轻骨料混凝土和普通混凝土在多轴应力下具有不同的力学特性和破坏规律,因此那些针对普通混凝土建立的强度准则将不能完全适用于轻骨料混凝土。考虑到轻骨料混凝土和岩土材料具有相似的破坏特征,该文适当的调整了岩土材料的弹头型屈服函数作为子午线方程,并选取了William-Warnke模型的椭圆曲线作为π平面形状函数,建立了一个连续、光滑、封闭的弹头型轻骨料混凝土强度准则。该准则克服了二次抛物线型强度准则不光滑和椭圆型强度准则在高静水压力下过于保守的缺陷,能够较好的描述轻骨料混凝土破坏曲面的几何特征。利用最小二乘法量化了强度准则,通过与试验数据对比,验证了所建议的弹头型强度准则的合理性。     

Measuring production yield for processes with multiple quality characteristics

Process yield is an important criterion used in the manufacturing industry for measuring process performance. Methods for measuring yield for processes with single characteristic have been investigated extensively. However, methods for measuring yield for processes with multiple characteristics have been comparatively neglected. In this paper, we develop a generalized yield index, called TS _pk,PC , based on the index S_pk introduced by Boyles (Journal of Quality Technology, 23, 17–26, 1991 Boyles, RA. 1991. The Taguchi capability index. J. Qual. Technol., 23: 17–26. [Taylor &; Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. We obtained a lower confidence bound (LCB) for the true process yield. The proposed method can be used to determine whether a process meets the preset yield requirement, and make reliable decisions. Examples are provided to demonstrate the proposed methodology.     

Shear properties and water connectivity of wet granules at high solid content concentration

The inner liquid distribution in wet granules strongly influences their mechanical properties. In this study, we examined the shear properties (internal friction angle, cohesion, storage modulus and loss modulus) of wet granules composed of graphite particles and water, and determined their inner water connectivity using X-ray refraction contrast imaging computed tomography (CT) to elucidate their correlation. At high solid content concentration (C_SC) region (C_SC = 85 wt.%), internal friction angle of wet granules was slightly lower than that of wet granules with lower C_SC, and their cohesion becomes almost zero. Furthermore, storage modulus of wet granules at C_SC = 85 wt.% was the highest among all wet granules. The X-ray CT and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that the water connectivity in the wet granules was in the pendular state and graphite particles fractured under shear test at C_SC = 85 wt.%. From these results, it can be concluded that lower shear cohesion at C_SC = 85 wt.% is caused by an increase in the number of isolated liquid bridges, and particle fracture results in a decrease in the internal friction angle owing to decreasing roughness of shear plane. Furthermore, the particle fracture also resulted in the higher storage modulus at C_SC = 85 wt.% in rheological measurements.     

Social norms perspective of agriculture technology adoption and welfare in Ghana: Extending multinomial endogenous treatment effect model

The development of agriculture and improving farmers’ welfare help focus the attention of researchers towards the adoption of individual and combined technology choices which focus on socio-economic and plot features. This paper used current data (2019) from rice farmers in Northern Ghana to extend multinomial endogenous treatment effect model which control selection bias to culture and religion. The research examined predictors of improved rice developed domestically, foreign improved rice varieties and the joint of the two kinds, and how each alternative impact the welfare of farmers (rice yield, per capita income, consumption expenditure and total assets). Our empirical findings show that the adoption of any alternative makes farmers better-off relative to non-adoption. Also, adopters in Guan and Christian faith have higher gains relative to their counter-part cultural and religious units. This paper recommends the importance of including cultural and religious values in technology sensitisation programmes and intense collaboration of crucial stakeholders to offer farmers alternatives to choices.     

Genetic Variation of Maize Hybrids in Grain Yield Response to Potassium and Inhibiting Nitrification

Nine maize hybrids were grown under five N levels with or without a nitrification inhibitor (nitrapyrin or an experimental inhibitor, XDE474) to evaluate the effect of inhibiting nitrification on grain yield performance and cannibalisation of nutrients from vegetative tissues during kernel maturation. Grain yield response of these hybrids also was evaluated under a paired combination of four N levels and two K levels. Hybrids responded differently to N, the form of N, and K treatments, and there appeared to be a genetic basis for preference of the form of N (ammonium versus nitrate nitrition). Crosses that involved the Mo17 family responded positively to inhibiting nitrification which provided a larger portion of the N in the ammonium form, but incorporation of early maturing genes reduced the positive response to ammonium nutrition. Like ammonium nutrition, maize hybrids showed a differential response to K treatments, and the availability of a large amount of K early in the growing season produced a negative effect on grain yield. The experimental nitrification inhibitor, XDE474, was more effective than nitrapyrin in increasing grain yield and minimising cannibalisation of nutrients in the leaf tissue.     

Design based failure analysis and yield improvement in CMOS-circuits

In this paper we show that defect simulation is a basis for yield enhancement strategies. These strategies involve identification of the yield detractors (i.e. identification of spot defect characteristics) and yield oriented layout design, which uses information about defects. Information about key yield detractors can be obtained in a time and cost efficient manner using defect simulation. By comparison of process variants and of SRAMs with different layouts, the sensitivity of the method for process changes as well as for design differences is illustrated. This leads to the conclusion that the defect and yield simulation tools can be used for yield oriented design. The enormous cost and time savings demonstrated in this work give a signal to enforce the introduction of design based failure simulation methods into the yield learning process.     

ECMP麻浆用于配抄稻草板护面纸板的研究

研究了将ECMP麻浆配用国内废纸浆,抄造稻草板护面纸板的可行性,并对外层、里层施胶度、以及干燥前压榨压力、经济成本等进行了讨论,结论认为:ECMP麻浆配抄稻草板护面纸板可以满足护面纸企业标准要求,并可取得良好的经济效益。     

不同屈强比的冷轧DP780钢工艺调控技术分析

采用不同的工艺调控技术,实现了一种成分体系可生产具有不同屈强比的经济型冷轧DP780钢,并通过分析力学性能测试结果、TEM和SEM组织形貌特征,得到热轧初始组织、冷轧压下量、连续退火工艺对屈强比的影响。结果表明,当热轧初始组织为F＋P(铁素体＋珠光体)时,随着平均晶粒尺寸细化至约7.5 μm,屈服强度增加了50 MPa,屈强比由0.48增至0.56;当热轧初始组织变为F＋B(铁素体＋贝氏体）、以贝氏体为主时,屈服强度达到532 MPa,屈强比增至0.65,同时有利于保证DP780钢的扩孔性和塑性,扩孔率达到86%,特别适用于有扩孔翻边要求的汽车结构件和加强件。此外,适当增加冷轧压下量和降低退火保温温度,均有利于增强基体的强化效应,从而提高屈强比。