Effect of crystallization and interface formation mechanism on mechanical properties of film‐insert injection‐molded poly(propylene) (PP) film/PP substrate

A previous study has shown that the adhesion between the film and substrate of film‐insert injection‐molded poly(propylene) (PP) film/PP substrate was evident with the increases in barrel temperature and injection holding pressure. In this second part of the research work, the crystallinity at the interfacial region (i.e., region between the film and the injected substrate) was extensively studied using FTIR imaging, polarized light microscopy, and DSC in an attempt to determine the level of influence that crystallinity has on the interface and bulk mechanical properties. Consequently, a more thorough and clearer picture of the influence of the inserted film on the interfacial crystallinity and subsequently the substrate mechanical properties, such as peel strength and impact strength, has been revealed. The initial proposition that crystallinity could enhance film–substrate interfacial bonding has been confirmed, judging from the higher peel strength with increasing crystallinity at the interfacial region. Nevertheless, the change in crystallinity was not only confined to the interfacial region. With the film acting as heat‐transfer inhibitor between the injected resin and the mold wall, the total crystal structure of the substrate was substantially altered, which subsequently affected the bulk mechanical properties. The lower impact strength of film‐insert injection‐molded samples compared to that of samples without film inserts provided evidence of how the film could impart inferior properties to the substrate. The difference in cooling rate between the substrate and film might also cause other defects such as warpage and/or residual stress build‐up within the product. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 294–301, 2005     

基于C-V模型和MRF的脑部MRI分割

为准确分割脑部磁共振图像(MRI)的灰质、白质和背景,提出一种基于C-V模型和马尔可夫随机场的全自动分割方法。采用C-V模型与形态学相结合的方法对脑MRI进行预处理,去除多余脑组织,获得待分割图像。引入灰度场局部熵的思想对惩罚因子进行估计,利用马尔可夫随机场模型建模实现脑灰白质的分割,并运用形态学方法获得最终分割结果。对96幅IBSR图像和46幅临床图像进行实验,结果表明,该方法能够实现脑部MRI灰白质的全自动分割,且具有较好的分割精度和较快的处理速度。     

抗静电可染丙纶的结构与性能

研究了聚丙烯、抗静电组分、可染组分三元共混体系纤维的抗静电性能、力学性能、染色性能及形态结构。研究表明：抗静电组分和可染组分有一定的相互影响，当抗静电组分加入量在４％～６％；而可染组分加入量在８％～１０％时为共混体系的最佳配合范围，共混纤维成品丝既表现出良好的抗静电性能，又表现出良好的可染性能，实现了常压沸染深色的效果。还发现，共混纤维拉伸丝的比电阻小于卷绕丝的比电阻。     

动态数学形态学轮廓提取算法在ARM上的实现

提出一种新的基于动态数学形态学的动态腐蚀轮廓提取算法。该算法以动态数学形态学中的约束条件为判断准则,通过定义评价函数来动态确定结构元素的移动方向,直接对感兴趣的目标进行轮廓提取。该算法引入自适应滤波门限,进一步增强了其抗噪处理能力。通过在ARM上对算法进行实现,得到了清晰的人体轮廓图像。该算法对实时目标的轮廓提取具有快速性和准确性的特点。     

Cure characteristics,morphology, and mechanical properties of ethylene–propylene–diene–monomer rubber/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blends

Blends based on ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was prepared. Sulfur was used as the vulcanizing agent. The effects of blend ratio on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties, such as stress–strain behavior, tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, rebound resilience, and abrasion resistance have been investigated. Tensile and tear strength showed synergism for the blend containing 30% of NBR, which has been explained in terms of morphology of the blends attested by scanning electron micrographs. A relatively cocontinuous morphology was observed for 70 : 30, EPDM/NBR blend system. The experimental results have been compared with the relevant theoretical models. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

结合形态学的结构化车道线快速识别算法

为解决结构化车道线识别算法中存在的约束条件多,计算过于复杂等问题,提出一种基于形态学的车道线快速识别算法. 该算法首先对道路图像进行中值滤波,Sobel算子增强边缘,利用直方图特征分割图像,然后划分感兴趣区域,接着构造具有车道特征的形态学结构元素去提取车道线,最后概率霍夫变换拟合车道线. 实验对比结果表明,针对结构化道路,该算法简单有效,计算量小,具有良好的实时性.     

热塑性弹性体SBS的工程开发Ⅴ．万吨级聚合装置SBS产品的性能剖析

对用国内技术建设的万吨级聚合装置生产的５种牌号产品：线型ＳＢＳ１３０１，ＳＢＳ１４０１和星形ＳＢＳ４３０３，ＳＢＳ４４０２及充油３３％的星形ＳＢＳ４４５２２进行了性能剖析。结果表明，国产ＳＢＳ的物理性质、热氧稳定、玻璃化转变温度、微观结构和相态结构与国外同类产品相当，Ｍ＿ｎ可以达到预期要求，说明该开发技术是成功的。     

Structural and Mechanical Properties Changes of Ethylene‐α‐olefin Copolymer Blends Induced by Thermal Treatments and Composition

Summary: Blends of single‐site catalysed ethylene‐α‐butene (C₄VLDPE) and ethylene‐α‐octene (C₈VLDPE) copolymers were prepared by melt extrusion. The phase morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of the blends have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Depending on the composition and thermal history, significant differences in structure and behaviour were found. It was also found that some degree of co‐crystallization occurred for quenched blends; whereas most of the oven slowly cooled blends showed two well‐defined melting peaks, indicating that the slow cooling favoured partial segregation of the fractions with different degrees of branching to form two morphologies. Moreover, SEM revealed morphology of the thinner crystals distributed in‐between the thicker sheaf‐like crystals for the slowly cooled blends with 20–50% C₈VLDPE. Therefore, the synergism in mechanical properties for the blends with 20–50% C₈VLDPE is due to a combination of larger crystal size, more complete phase separation and interfacial interaction produced by the segregation effect of the slow cooling treatment. DMA studies showed that the storage modulus increased as the addition of C₈VLDPE and modulus for the slowly cooled blends are about twice those measured for the quenched ones, indicating higher stiffness of the blends. The smooth shift of β relaxation temperature with addition of C₈VLDPE for both sets of blends confirmed the miscibility in the amorphous phase.

SEM image of the C₄VLDPE‐C₈VLDPE (50/50) blend after oven slow cooling treatment.     

Dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of high‐density polyethylene/CaCO3 blends with and without an impact modifier

Dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the relaxations and crystallization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) particles and an elastomer. Five series of blends were designed and manufactured, including one series of binary blends composed of HDPE and amino acid treated CaCO₃ and four series of ternary blends composed of HDPE, treated or untreated CaCO₃, and a polyolefin elastomer [poly(ethylene‐co‐octene) (POE)] grafted with maleic anhydride. The analysis of the tan δ diagrams indicated that the ternary blends exhibited phase separation. The modulus increased significantly with the CaCO₃ content, and the glass‐transition temperature of POE was the leading parameter that controlled the mechanical properties of the ternary blends. The dynamic mechanical properties and crystallization of the blends were controlled by the synergistic effect of CaCO₃ and maleic anhydride grafted POE, which was favored by the core–shell structure of the inclusions. The treatment of the CaCO₃ filler had little influence on the mechanical properties and morphology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3907–3914, 2007     

Morphology and thermal stability of BR/clay composites prepared by a new method

A new potential preparation method named in situ organic modification was used to prepare intercalated polybutadiene rubber (BR)/clay/dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride (DDAC) composites. That is, BR, pristine clay, and intercalatant DDAC were directly mixed in a Haake rheometer without pretreating the pristine clay with the intercalatant. The morphology of the BR/clay composites was investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the BR/clay composites was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of clay particles in the BR/clay/DDAC composites is much better than that in the BR/pristine clay and similar to that in the BR/organoclay DK4 (modified with DDAC) composites. BR/clay/DDAC composites have much higher thermal stability than the gum BR, BR/pristine clay, and BR/DK4 composites. The clay/intercalatant ratio has little influence on the thermal stability of the BR/clay/DDAC composites, while clay content has a significant effect on their thermal stability. The enhanced thermal stability of the BR/clay/DDAC composites is related to the dispersion state of clay particles in BR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 905–913, 2006