河长制中的河流岸线规划与管理

根据河流城镇区域岸线和乡村区域岸线的特点,针对河岸纵向、横向、功能区划以及主体工程的要求,分别提出了各自规划的具体要求和方法,并详述了岸线评价方法,提出了岸线管控的具体建议,为河长制中的岸线开发、保护提供参考。     

X射线投影成像法测量气固流化床中的固含分布 — (II) 应用及误差分析

通过标准化实验对X射线投影成像系统的误差进行了分析，进而应用该测量系统对提升管、纳米颗粒聚团床、鼓泡床和大直径下行床入口区的固含分布进行了测量，结果说明本测量方法可较准确、无接触测量气固两相流体系的固含分布.     

直接法合成甲基（氢）二氯硅烷新工艺研究

本文通过催化作用原理研究，提出了以Ｓｉ、ＣＨ＿３Ｃｌ为原料，直接法合成ＣＨ＿３ＳｉＨＣｌ＿２的新工艺．采用ＣｕＣｌ－Ｎｉ－Ｚｎ催化体系不但能使ＣＨ＿３Ｃｌ适量分解产生ＨＣｌ．而且还能促进ＨＣｌ与Ｓｉ、ＣＨ＿３Ｃｌ反应并有效地转化为目的产物ＣＨ＿３ＳｉＨＣｌ＿２，由小试和４００ｍｍ流化床中试所得的混合单体中，ＣＨ＿３ＳｉＨＣｌ＿２含量＞１５％，（ＣＨ＿３）＿２ＳｉＣｌ＿２＞５０％，为工业化生产有机硅含氢单体开辟了新的途径。     

煤与垃圾衍生燃料的流化床混烧试验研究

使用鼓泡流化床燃烧炉进行了煤与垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)的混烧实验研究,分析了燃烧尾气中O2、CO、CO2、H2O、NOx、CH4、SO2、HCl、HCN浓度的变化,并对各成分之间的浓度进行了相关性分析。研究结果表明在750~900℃的范围内,高温利于SO2的脱除;NO的浓度随床温的提高而增加,NO2的浓度与床温的关系不大;HCl的浓度随床温的升高而增加,说明高温不利于HCl的脱除;在空气量较低的情况下,CO、CH4、N2O、HCN等气体的浓度较高,相关分析表明,这些气体浓度之间有较强的正相关关系,说明这些气体适宜于还原气氛下生成;随着HCl气体浓度的增加,SO2浓度降低,说明HCl的存在可促进石灰石脱除SO2的反应,同时还证实煤与RDF混烧可使尾气中的SO2和HCl气体浓度均有所下降。     

伴有生物质热解的流化床中的混沌传递现象

Experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in a fiuidized bed, and dynamic signals of pressure and temperature were recorded. Correlation dimension was employed to characterize the chaotic behavior of pressure and temperature signals. Both pressure and temperature signals exhibit chaotic behavior, and the chaotic behavior of temperature signals is always weaker than that of pressure signals. Chaos transfer theory was advanced to explain the above phenomena. The discussion on the algorithm of the correlation dimension shows that the distance definition based on rhombic neighborhood is a better choice than the traditional one based on spherical neighborhood. The former provides a satisfactory result in a much shorter time.     

Radial gas mixing in a fluidized bed using response surface methodology

Radial gas mixing in a fluidized bed was studied using response surface methodology (RSM), which enables effect examinations of parameters with a moderate number of experiments. All experiments were conducted in a 0.29-m ID fluidized-bed cold model. The gas dispersion process within the bed is described using the dispersed plug flow model. Pure carbon dioxide was used as the tracer gas, continuously injected into the center of the bed by a point source. The downstream radial tracer concentration profile was measured using a gas chromatograph.The radial gas dispersion coefficient, D_r, was well correlated with operating parameters and the particle and gas properties: (U−U_mf)/U_mf, H_s/d_b, φ_d, and Ar, with a determination coefficient R² of 0.966. Effect test indicates that the dimensionless characteristic velocity, (U−U_mf)/U_mf, has the most significant influence on D_r, while the static bed height to bed diameter ratio, H_s/d_b, is less remarkable. The interactions of (U−U_mf)/U_mf with the distributor open-area ratio, φ_d, and with the Archimedes number, Ar, both play important roles. An evolutive response surface model was proposed to describe the radial gas mixing in the bubbling/slugging fluidization regimes.     

Particle velocity and solids circulation rate in a jet-spouted bed

Radial distribution of particle velocities, solids circulation rate and radial variation in bed voidage in a jet-spouted bed were investigated in a 0.2 m diameter conical-cylindrical column. The upward particle velocity is strongly dependent on gas velocity and its radial profile is the Gaussian. The solids circulation rates are of the same order of magnitude as those in a conventional spouted bed and are proportional to the gas velocity. Estimation of the variation in bed voidage in the radial direction revealed that the annulus voidage of about 0.90 was greater than the spout voidage of around 0.70. This tendency is contrary to that in a conventional spouted bed.     

Granulation of a hardmetal powder for spark plasma sintering

A fluidized bed granulation method, pressure swing granulation (PSG), was applied to granulation of a hardmetal powder without pressing lubricants for making the upstream process of spark plasma sintering (SPS) more efficient.

The properties of the granules were examined and compared with those of spray dried granules and extruded ones under the present system using a sieve.

Spherical granules between 0.15 and 0.84 mm in diameter difficult to obtain by the spray drying were obtained with high yield. The flowability of the granules was far better than that of spray dried granules and similar to that of extruded ones. Iron contamination and oxidization during pressure swing granulation were tolerable to the real production.     

High-pressure fluidized bed coating utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide

Various particles with sizes between 100 and 200 μm were encapsulated with waxes commonly used in technical coating applications. For this, a homogeneous mixture of molten paraffin and supercritical carbon dioxide was prepared in an autoclave and injected into the high-pressure fluidized bed through a nozzle from the bottom. Due to the different conditions in the mixing autoclave and the fluidized bed, the paraffin precipitated in the vicinity of the nozzle and adhered to the solid particles. A complete, thin, uniform, and solvent-free coating was produced. The use of two paraffins with different alkane compositions resulted in dissimilar spreads on glass beads due to their different glass transition temperatures. A smaller pressure drop across the nozzle led to more uniform and even coatings. Glass beads, ceramic spheres, potassium chloride, and lactose showed similar coating results, whereas different morphologies were observed with a plastic material, characterized by a rougher surface and a lower surface energy. The high quality of the coating was confirmed by standard dissolution tests with coated potassium chloride crystals and lactose agglomerates.