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111.
根据黄河中游多沙粗区暴雨洪水及产流产沙特点,提出了为控制水沙危害,黄河中游治理应分两步走的战略。第一步解决近期水沙控制和耕地问题,主要措施是建设淤地坝和骨干坝。研究表明,在现状坝地,梯田条件下,为满足粮食生产需要,每平方公里需新增坝地3.18ha,且能港口控制水沙的要求。第二步是进行坡面治理,改善生态环境,以达到根治水沙的目的。 相似文献
112.
Mao Ze yu Chen Chang zhi Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing P.R.China 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》1999,(3)
1. INTRODUCTIONThesimulationofstreamwatertemperatureissignificantlyimportantforthestudyofnumericalmodelingofrivericeprocesses[1] .Historically,themathematicalmodelingofthetransportandfateofheatinawaterbodyhasbeenthesubjectofextensivestudyforvariousre… 相似文献
113.
本文简要的介绍了瀑布沟工程水文分析计算主要依据站的选定和基本资料的插补延长,以及径流、洪水的分析计算方法.在可行性研究阶段水文成果(通过审查)和新设立的毛头码水文站所取得的数年水文资料的基础上,将初设阶段对可行性研究阶段的水文分析计算方法和成果进行验证和补充的情况重点予以介绍. 相似文献
114.
115.
L.J. Webb 《Water research》1985,19(8):969-974
Wastewaters from the manufacture of pulp and paper have given rise to problems of excessive microbial growth in rivers over a number of years. This paper is the first in a series of four articles describing research undertaken by PIRA at four U.K. paper/board mills (one integrated with pulp production) over the period 1978–1980. This first paper briefly reviews the published literature on sewage fungus growth from pulp and paper mill discharges up to 1978, but mainly describes previously unpublished work undertaken by PIRA over the period 1965–1975. This introductory paper thus provides a state-of-the-art review of methods to control sewage fungus growth from pulp and paper mill effluents prior to commencement of the research described in the following three articles. 相似文献
116.
Floods cause environmental hazards and influence on socio‐economic activities. In this study, we evaluated the historic flood frequency at a confluence in the middle Yellow River, China. A non‐parametric, multivariate, empirical, orthogonal function matrix model, which consists of time correlation coefficients of flood discharge at different gauge stations and flood events was used for the analysis of flood frequency. The model addresses the characteristics of confluent floods such as frequency and the probability in multiple tributary rivers. Flood frequency analysis is often coupled with studies of hydrological routing processes that reduce the flood capacity of the rivers. Flood routing to the confluence were simulated using kinematic wave theory. Results of this flood frequency analysis showed that flooding frequency has intensified in the past 500 years, especially during the 19th century. Flooding in streams above the confluence was more frequent than in streams below the confluence. Over the last 2000 years, concurrent flooding in multiple tributary rivers accounted for 67.5% of the total flooding in the middle Yellow River. Simulation of flood routing processes shows that the decreased flooding capacity and elevated river bed of the shrunken main channel leads to an increased flood wave propagation time (24–52.3 h) in the study area after 1995. The model indicates that human activities, such as constructions of the Sanmenxia Dam, have changed flood routing boundary conditions and have contributed to the increased flood frequency at the confluence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
117.
根据有限元计算原理,结合山西临汾地区浍河水库泄洪洞,对土坝下的大型软基涵洞分层填土施工过程和蓄水对结构的影响进行了模拟计算,得到了更贴近实际的涵洞结构内力和涵洞土压力分布规律,并根据实际地基条件及现有涵洞的两种常见的结构形态对涵洞结构形式进行了优化,其成果已用于设计和施工,证明了该研究方法的科学性和结论的正确性。 相似文献
118.
Large woody debris (LWD) can increase stream habitat heterogeneity by providing structure, altering flow patterns, enhancing sediment deposition, forming pools and retaining organic matter. In North America, the role of LWD has been studied extensively in streams of mature forests (e.g. Pacific Northwest), but few studies have assessed LWD in streams of younger forests (e.g. Midwestern USA). Our objectives were to: (1) quantify the volume and abundance of LWD in a set of Midwestern streams; (2) evaluate possible factors influencing LWD quantity; (3) identify the functional roles of LWD; and (4) compare LWD levels in the upper Midwest to those elsewhere in North America. In 2002 and 2003, we measured LWD and geomorphological variables in 15 low‐gradient streams draining previously logged watersheds in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Mean (±SE) LWD volume (0.77 ± 0.12 m3 100 m−2) and abundance (33 ± 3 pieces 100 m−1) were 71% and 10% lesser, respectively, than in streams of similar gradient elsewhere in North America. Channel shape (width:depth ratio) explained 30% of the variation in LWD volume (multiple stepwise regression, P = 0.015) while LWD length and length:channel width combined, explained 72% of the variation in LWD density (multiple stepwise regression, P < 0.0001). About 50% of the LWD either stored sediment or stabilized banks and 14% of the LWD formed pools, although pool density was not significantly related to LWD volume or density. LWD levels, overall, were low in upper Midwestern streams, but the relative importance of that LWD to ecosystem function may be magnified in these wood‐poor systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
119.
钱塘江光缆管穿越长度2454.15m,穿越深度为32m,穿越中采用了多项新技术、新工艺、新方法。文章介绍了导向孔对穿技术、套管技术、水下磁场电缆铺设技术、长距离泥浆回流技术、长距离穿越钻杆组合技术在钱塘江光缆管穿越施工中的应用。 相似文献
120.