深圳市金龟河清洁小流域建设探析

金龟河清洁小流域建设是保护原生态河流系统、构建绿色生态城市的重要组成部分.阐述了金龟小流域污染情况及清洁小流域建设的必要性,提出了对其采用入河污染治理、河道防洪治理、水源保护治理、生态景观治理等多样性建设措施,达到修复水生态系统、维护河流健康成长的目的.     

中小型河流治理与生态景观建设的结合

河道治理工程不应局限于河道主体的功能性建设,应充分利用水体的自然性及观赏性,恢复其生态水系景观功能,为人类提供一个良好的生活及休闲环境。     

改进变异算子的差分进化算法并行性分析

针对并行差分进化算法的全局搜索能力和寻优的稳定性弱的现状,基于DE/best/1变异算子提出了一种改进的差分进化算法变异算子.该算子前期采用DE/best/1变异方法,当进化代数超过设定的进化代数值时,采用改进的变异算子.通过拓宽变异算子的搜索域来提高种群的多样性,提高了差分进化算法的寻优能力.对改进变异算子的并行差分进化算法进行了函数测试,实验结果表明:相比普通的变异算子,在相同种群规模的前提下,改进的差分变异算子拓宽了遗传算法的搜索域,提高了算法的全局搜索能力;在不同的种群规模下,改进的变异算子增强了算法的寻优稳定性.     

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界构造-沉积演化、古地理重建及有利成藏区带划分

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界是重要的天然气勘探层位,相继发现了奥陶系顶部风化壳、古隆起周缘中组合和马家沟组盐下等多套含气层系,证明了盆地下古生界具有良好的勘探开发潜力,也揭示出深化古地理重建工作的急迫性。在分析鄂尔多斯盆地构造-沉积演化过程的基础上,对早古生代重点时期的古地理进行了重建,进而提出了成藏区带划分的新思路。研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地经历了太古宙—元古宙裂陷沉积、寒武纪—奥陶纪沉积-剥蚀、石炭纪—三叠纪拗陷稳定沉积、侏罗纪—白垩纪挤压成藏和晚白垩纪—现今调整定型等5大阶段。盆地下古生界古地理格局经历了早-中寒武世的古陆消减、沉积增长、边缘裂陷阶段和早奥陶世的隆-坳相间阶段,并控制了优质成藏区带的分布。结合近期勘探研究进展,依据源-储组合和空间分布,划分出了基于主控因素的4类成藏区带：潮缘滩白云岩成藏区、奥陶系盐下台内丘滩成藏区、西部双滩带白云岩和页岩成藏区以及岩溶-滩相白云岩成藏区。不同区带显示出了不同的成藏条件和主控因素,需要选择针对性的勘探策略。     

玛湖凹陷与沙湾凹陷上乌尔禾组储集层差异及成因

通过薄片观察、扫描电镜分析、黏土矿物X射线衍射分析、阴极发光实验等,对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷和沙湾凹陷上二叠统上乌尔禾组成岩差异进行对比分析,明确了成岩产物类型和孔隙演化过程。压实作用、碳酸盐矿物胶结与沸石胶结是研究区储集层物性差异的主要控制因素,玛湖凹陷压实作用相对较弱,沙湾凹陷溶蚀作用更强。砂体成岩孔隙演化具有差异性,玛湖凹陷储集层以长石颗粒和凝灰岩岩屑溶孔为主,沙湾凹陷储集层以长石颗粒、凝灰岩岩屑以及浊沸石溶孔为主,2类储集层都少量发育原生孔隙。以上2个地区储集层的差异性主要是由成岩流体性质和岩石组分不同导致,其中,岩石组分是导致玛湖凹陷和沙湾凹陷砂砾岩储集层孔隙结构特征差异的主要原因。     

高温-超压-高CO2背景下致密砂岩储层成岩作用特征——以莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组-黄流组为例

利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、阴极发光及碳氧同位素分析等手段,对莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组-黄流组高温-超压-高CO₂背景下的储层成岩作用特征及其对孔隙的影响进行了系统研究。研究结果表明: ①莺歌海盆地LD10区新近系梅山组-黄流组储层发育重力流沉积,岩性以中-细粒长石岩屑石英砂岩为主,储层物性以特低-低孔、特低渗特征为主。②压实、胶结和溶蚀作用是研究区主要的成岩作用类型。超压对黏土矿物的转化及石英次生加大具有明显抑制作用,并在一定程度上保护了原生孔隙。富含CO₂的高温流体不仅造成了黏土矿物的异常转化,同时促进了溶蚀作用发生,增加了次生孔隙。③研究区黄二段储层的成岩演化序列为: 菱铁矿胶结→石英次生加大→绿泥石胶结→长石淋滤溶蚀→高岭石形成→早期方解石胶结→早期白云石胶结→长石溶蚀→方解石溶蚀→伊利石大量生成→晚期铁方解石、铁白云石形成。④总体上,压实作用使孔隙度减少了45.30%～62.93%,胶结作用使孔隙度减少了1.65%～35.01%,溶蚀作用使孔隙度增加了0.72%～8.00%。其中,黄流组中下部砂岩储层受到了超压保护和CO₂溶蚀作用的双重影响,物性较好,钻井过程中应考虑高CO₂风险。     

Structure,crystallization, and performances of alkaline-earth boroaluminosilicate sealing glasses for SOFCs

We study the structure, crystallization, and performances of the sealing glasses with the composition (mol.%) of 12Al₂O₃·8B₂O₃·40SiO₂·40RO (R = Mg, Ca, Sr) for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) before and after isothermal treatment at 700°C, which is within the operation temperature range (600-800°C) of SOFCs. The crystallization behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction under both dynamic and isothermal conditions. The structural evolution is probed using the Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The performances of the sealing glasses are characterized in terms of the coefficient of thermal expansion, the crystallization-induced stress at glass–steel interface. We find that strong crystallization occurs at the operation temperature (700°C) far below the crystallization onset temperature measured by DSC. The structure origin of this anomalous crystallization is discussed in terms of structural heterogeneity of the three studied glasses. We determine the residual stress at the interface between the Ca-containing glass and the steel after isothermal treatment at 700°C for 48 h, but this stress does not lead to falling off the glass layer from the steel. This indicates that this glass is a good candidate to be applied in SOFCs.     

Phase evolution and <110>-orientation mechanism in RTGG-processed BaTiO3 ceramics with electrical properties

The <110>-oriented BaTiO₃ ceramics were fabricated using BaCO₃ matrix and H_1.08Ti_1.73O₄.nH₂O (HTO) template particles, and the mechanism of BaTiO₃ phase formation was investigated. The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties were also investigated. The transformation of the HTO phase into the TiO₂ bronze or TiO₂ (B) phase was observed at 600°C, where the BaTiO₃ nucleation was accompanied by the formation of a Ba₂TiO₄ phase. The TiO₂ phase reacted with the Ba₂TiO₄ phase at 800°C to give a BaTiO₃ phase, whereas its reaction with the BaTiO₃ resulted in the formation of BaTi₂O₅ phase that got decomposed into BaTiO₃ and Ba₆Ti₁₇O₄₀ phase at sintering temperature ≥1300°C. Sintering with samples’ embedding in BaTiO₃ powders prevented the formation of the Ba₆Ti₁₇O₄₀ secondary phase. The crystallographic orientation along the <110> direction (F₁₁₀) was developed by the epitaxial grain growth mechanism. In addition to the contribution of the grain-size increment for enhancing the F₁₁₀, the preservation of the platelike structure was also found to have a significant impact. The ceramics prepared by the embedded sintering (grain size ≈12.4 µm and F₁₁₀ = 83%) exhibited the room-temperature dielectric constant of 1708 and piezoelectric strain constant of 445 pm/V, which are higher than those of the BaTiO₃ ceramics with randomly oriented grains.     

Engineering oxygen vacancy-rich Co3O4 nanowire as high-efficiency and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall alkaline water splitting

A novel kind of vacancy-rich nanowire arrays were prepared by reducing rough Co₃O₄ nanowires with NaBH₄ solution on 3D nickel foam at room temperature for overall water splitting. Co₃O₄/NF treated by NaBH₄ for 10 min was highly active for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and simultaneously efficient for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the need of the overpotentials of 240 and 132 mV to drive 10 mA·cm^-2 in alkaline media, respectively. Furthermore, the electrocatalysts as both cathode and anode in a two-electrode system presented excellent durability for over 60 h at 10 mA·cm^-2, maintaining the cell voltage of merely 1.63 V. This work provides new methods and ideas for the preparation of transition metal oxide bifunctional electrocatalysts rich in oxygen vacancies.     

Effect of thermal insulation on microstructural homogeneity and onset temperature of flash sintered materials

The present work aimed to reduce the microstructure heterogeneity inherent to flash sintering by using alumina blankets as a thermal insulator around ZnO cylindrical samples during the sintering process, under different electric field conditions. Thermal insulation significantly reduced the flash onset temperature and the grain size heterogeneity. For higher electric fields, a temperature reduction as high as 480 °C was observed, which also led to lower densification. These findings were discussed in terms of changes in the heat loss dynamics coupled with the adsorbed water retention, both promoted by the applied thermal insulation. A model to estimate the temperature at stage III of flash sintering was proposed. The final temperature reached with thermal insulation did not differ significantly from the ones without it. Thus, thermal insulation could represent an alternative route to flash sinter materials with lower furnace temperatures with energy savings up to 78 % and a more homogeneous microstructure.