黄陵县水土流失现状及分区防治对策

在对黄陵县水土流失现状分析的基础上,进行了水土流失重点防治三区划分,划定了水土流失重点预防保护区、重点监督区和重点治理区范围,并针对分区的水土流失特点,提出了防治对策和措施,对指导当地水土保持和生态环境治理工作有一定现实指导意义。     

黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究方向与途径

从黄土高原水土保持生态建设和黄河治理开发重大实践的需求出发,回顾了我国关于黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究的主要进展,分析了存在的问题,论述了深化黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究的重大需求,就黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律的研究方法与途径、研究方向与内容提出建议,认为应加强以下几方面的研究:重力侵蚀规律、不同治理措施配置下坡面-沟道系统侵蚀产沙耦合关系及泥沙输移规律、植被措施作用下的水文效应和产流机制、土壤侵蚀产沙发生发展过程尺度转换、黄土高原水土流失模拟理论与技术等;研究途径包括建设黄土高原土壤侵蚀试验观测体系、运用土壤侵蚀模型模拟与反演技术等。     

WEPP在天镇县大梁沟流域土壤侵蚀预报中的应用研究

利用WEPP模型对山西大同天镇县大梁沟流域进行土壤侵蚀预报,目的是研究WEPP模型是否适用于黄土高原地区的土壤侵蚀预报,研究结果将有助于黄土高原地区土壤侵蚀预报的改进和拓展.     

溢洪道底板空蚀发生位置及抗空蚀措施分析

以肯斯瓦特水利枢纽工程为例,通过水工模型试验,测试其设计水位工况下和泄洪消能标准水位工况下溢洪道泄洪时底板的流速及压力分布,并根据空化理论模型对其底板沿程空化数进行了计算。结果表明:可以通过溢洪道流速特性和底板压力分布来分析过流面的空化空蚀特点;在实际工程中,可采用优化过流面的体形、设置掺气减蚀设施、控制溢流面的不平整度以及使用抗空蚀材料等方法来防止空化和空蚀的发生。     

水土保持水蚀外业调查集成化解决方案

水利信息化技术的发展推动着外业调查方式的变革,从水蚀外业调查业务需求、业务流程的现状出发,在分析规范、设备、数据等的基础上,提出了一套水土保持水蚀外业调查集成化解决方案.方案通过规范、流程、数据、硬件设备的一体化集成,改进了外业调查的整体工作流程,提高了调查效率.     

水电站尾水河道疏浚开挖的研究

通过对某水电站尾水河道疏挖水力学计算和水下开挖方案的研究,提出了水电站尾水疏挖的推荐方案和施工方法。通过尾水疏挖后,电站可增发电量0.8亿kWh,经济效益十分显著。尾水疏挖是充分开发利用河段水力资源、水电站增发电量的有效途径,在工程实践中应加以推广应用。     

The hydro-abrasive erosion wear behavior of duplex-treated surfaces of AISI H13 tool steel

The influence of duplex surface treatments consisting of a DC-pulsed plasma nitriding process and subsequent coatings of CrN and TiAlN deposited by physical vapor deposition(PVD)on AISI H13 tool steel was studied in this article.The treated samples were characterized using metallographic techniques,SEM,EDS,and microhardness methods.Hydro-abrasive erosion wear tests were performed in a specifically designed wear tester in which the samples were rotated in a wear tank containing a mixture of distilled water and ceramic abrasive chips with a fixed rotational speed.The wear rates caused by the abrasive particle impacts were assessed based on accumulated weight loss measurements.The worn surfaces were also characterized using optical microscopy,SEM,and EDS.Microhardness measurements indicated a significant increase in the surface hardness of the duplex-treated samples.The surfaces of the samples with the TiAlN coating were approximately 15 times harder than that of the untreated samples and 3 times that of the plasma nitrided samples.Hydro-abrasive erosion wear results showed that the duplex surface treatments,especially the CrN coating,displayed the highest erosion wear resistance.     

Prediction of recent bank retreat processes at typical sections in the Jingjiang Reach

The Jingjiang Reach is experiencing continuous channel degradation owing to operation of the Three Gorges Project(TGP)in2003.Significant retreat processes at composite riverbanks have occurred at local sites of this reach,which may influence the stability of the river regime and the effect of existing river training works.Therefore,bank retreat plays a key role in fluvial processes of the Jingjiang Reach,and it is necessary to predict the long-term processes of bank retreat at typical sections in the reach.In this study,various factors influencing bank retreat in the Jingjiang Reach are investigated,based on bank erosion processes at four sections and the corresponding flow and sediment conditions.It is discovered that fluvial erosion intensity is a dominant factor in controlling the processes of bank retreat in the reach,although other factors,such as bank soil properties,can also influence bank retreat.The bankfull width at a section with severe bank erosion since 2002 is defined as being equal to the sum of the bankfull width in 2002 and the accumulated bank retreat distance after 2002.The magnitude of the bankfull width can be expressed as an exponential function of the previous 5-year average fluvial erosion intensity during flood seasons.The accumulated distances of bank retreat at four sections over the period 2002–2012 are predicted using the proposed empirical relationships,with the calculated bank retreat processes agreeing well with observed data.