A new variable control chart under failure‐censored reliability tests for Weibull distribution

In this paper, we propose a new variable control chart under type II or failure‐censored reliability tests by assuming that the lifetime of a part follows the Weibull distribution with fixed and stable shape parameter. The purpose is to monitor the mean and the variance of a Weibull process. In fact, the mean and the variance are related to the scale parameter. The necessary measures are given to calculate the average run length (ARL) for in‐control and shifted processes. The tables of ARLs are presented for various shift constants and specified parameters. A simulation study is given to show the performance of the proposed control chart. The efficiency of the proposed control chart is compared with a control chart based on the conditional expected value under type II censoring. An example is also given for the illustration purpose.     

Control charts to monitor rates and proportions

In this paper, we call attention for monitoring proportions and rates when they are not results of Bernoulli experiments. To deal with this problem, usually control charts based on Beta distributions are built as this distribution is a well‐known one. However, in practice, there are other distributions to be considered as Simplex and Unit Gamma distributions. The impact of the speed to signal a shift in the average proportion in terms of out‐of‐control average run length is measured when the control limits determined under a Beta distribution is equivocally used to monitor individual rates from Simplex or Unit Gamma distributions or vice versa.     

350MW机组对电网频率异常升高的响应及对策

介绍了日产三菱350 MW燃煤火电机组在协调控制方式下对网频异常升高的响应过程及其动作原理,对协调方式下机组参与电网一次调频的深度进行了讨论,并且对事故后稳定机组的措施提出了可能的解决途径.     

我国现阶段宗教存在的心理根源探析

宗教存在的心理根源是我国现阶段宗教存在的诸多根源中更持久、更难消除的根源。依赖感、恐惧感、对社会生活归属的需要、情感宣泄的需要、对永恒和完美的追求等是人们信仰宗教的重要心理根源。     

煤气化装置振打除灰系统的PLC控制

振打除灰系统是煤气化装置正常运行的关键环节，基于PLC的自动控制可保证振打除灰系统可靠、合理运行．在介绍振打系统工作原理的过程中，分析了系统工艺流程和控制要求，并给出了PLC控制硬件组成和系统功能的实现．     

黄河高含沙洪水"揭河底"机理探讨

“揭河底”发生前,河床上存在着不同时期形成的淤积物,随着淤积条件的变化,河床纵比降和横断面形态会进一步调整,当河床调整到一定程度时,若发生“晾河底”等现象,则为河床成层成块淤积物的形成以及块体边界剪应力及层间黏合力的消弱创造了条件,若遇大中尺度涡漩形成,垂向能量向底层传递,垂向紊动,脉动特性增强,在忽略层间黏合力和块体间的边界垂向剪应力条件下,水体可能掀动的河床淤积物块体厚度,取决于河床淤积物块体密度,浑水体密度以及作用在淤积物块体上下表面的脉动压力的最大可能振幅之和,脉动压强与时均压强的大小无关,大致与断面平均流速水头成正比,在合理确定和表达糙率系数及平均流速后,推导出了洪水可能掀起的淤积物块体最大厚度计算表达式,当河床淤积物块体厚度小于此计算值时,涡漩引起的垂向脉动特征增强可能在随机条件下促发“揭河底”发生。     

D‐dimer levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients: High prevalence of positive values also in the group without predisposing diseases

We aimed to estimate the prevalence of elevated D‐dimer levels in all chronic hemodialysis patients and those without additional disease, and to identify factors associated with increased D‐dimer. In 167 chronic hemodialysis patients from our center, D‐dimer was measured before dialysis. The effects of age, C‐reactive protein (CRP), recent acute illness, vascular access, anticoagulation type, dialysis vintage, and chronic diseases, considered to predispose for increased D‐dimer levels, were analyzed. The median D‐dimer in the whole group was 966 (inter‐quartile range [IQR] 524–1947) μg/L and was positive (>500 μg/L) in 75% of cases. D‐dimer was positive in 91% of patients with acute illness, 76% of those with predisposing chronic diseases, but was still positive in 52% of patients without additional disease (i.e., acute illness or predisposing chronic diseases) – median D‐dimer was 538.5 (IQR 359–966) μg/L. D‐dimer was correlated to patients' age, but not dialysis vintage. In univariate analysis, the D‐dimer levels were significantly higher in patients with atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, recent acute illness, increased CRP, dialyzed over a catheter, and on citrate anticoagulation. Multivariate logistic regression showed that only age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.93), catheter (OR 4.86), and positive CRP (OR 4.07) were independently associated with positive D‐dimer at 500 μg/L cut‐off, while the significance of age disappeared at 2000 μg/L cut‐off. To conclude, the high prevalence of positive D‐dimer values even in hemodialysis patients without additional disease limits the use of D‐dimer for exclusion of thromboembolic diseases in hemodialysis patients.     

Time‐between‐events control charts for an exponentiated class of distributions of the renewal process

Time‐between‐events control charts are commonly used to monitor high‐quality processes and have several advantages over the ordinary control charts. In this article, we present some new control charts based on the renewal process, where a class of absolutely continuous exponentiated distributions is assumed for the time between events. This class includes the generalized exponential, generalized Rayleigh, and exponentiated Pareto distributions. Although we discuss the design structure for all the mentioned distributions, our main focus will be on the generalized exponential distribution due to its practical relevance and popularity. Since the generalized exponential distribution is a generalization of the traditional exponential distribution, the new control chart is more flexible than the existing exponential time‐between‐events charts. The control chart performance is evaluated in terms of some useful measures, including the average run length (ARL), the expected quadratic loss, continuous ranked probability, and the relative ARL. The effect of parameter estimation using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods on the ARL is also discussed in this article. The study also presents an illustrative example and 4 case studies to highlight the practical relevance of the proposal.     

On Bayesian EWMA control charts under different loss functions

The motivation for this study is to analyze Bayesian exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart under 3 loss functions namely, SELF, LLF, and PLF. Informative priors (normal and mixture of normal) and non‐informative priors (Uniform and Jefferys) are considered for the analysis. The performance of Bayesian EWMA control chart using posterior and posterior predictive distribution scheme has been evaluated using average run length (ARL) and standard deviation run length (SDRL) as performance measures. Monte Carlo simulations are used to compute the performance measures for different values of smoothing constant. An illustrative example is also presented for practical considerations of Bayesian EWMA control chart.     

The Design of the S2 Control Charts Based on Conditional Performance via Exact Methods

In this paper, we consider the conditional performance of the equal‐tailed and average run lengths (ARL)‐unbiased two‐sided S² charts when the in‐control variance of a normal process is estimated. We derive the exact probability distributions of the conditional ARL for the two S² charts. Then we evaluate the performance of each S² chart in terms of the percentiles, mean and standard deviation of the conditional in‐control ARL distribution. Because the parameter estimation seriously affects the conditional performance of these S² charts, we propose an exact method to design the equal‐tailed and ARL‐unbiased S² charts with desired conditional in‐control performance. The results indicate that the new ARL‐unbiased S² chart has far smaller standard deviation ARL values and the unconditional ARL values are more close to the desired value than the corresponding new equal‐tailed S² chart. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.