西江流域压咸风险调度及其时空传递规律研究

枯水期珠江河口咸潮情势日益加重,径流不确定加剧了压咸风险,严重威胁沿线的供水安全。本文基于概率密度分布描述径流不确定性,构建了单源风险调度基本框架。以西江流域五座水库为研究对象,量化了预报误差与压咸风险的响应关系;揭示了压咸风险的时空传递规律;将压咸风险划分为3个等级;确定出各级风险越级传递的临界阈值。研究表明：随预报误差的增大,压咸风险提前且持续天数增加、风险率增大;压咸风险呈逐时段累积和从上游向下游、从支流向干流的时空传递规律;当预报误差超过±16%、±21%时,压咸风险从轻险越级至中险、中险越级至重险。研究成果对于西江流域压咸风险的调控和粤港澳大湾区的供水安全具有重要的应用价值。     

多孔普鲁士蓝类似物的合成及电催化析氧性能

采用一种简单易行的共沉淀法合成了前驱体镍铁普鲁士蓝类似物NiFe-PBA（NF）,然后通过溶剂热处理获得了镍铁普鲁士蓝纳米多孔材料（NFP）。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、BET及电化学方法对所得材料进行了结构表征和析氧性能测试。结果表明,NFP相对于前驱体NF,电化学比表面积增大、催化活性位点增多,电催化析氧反应（OER）性能显著提高。在浓度1 mol/L KOH水溶液中,达到10 mA/cm2电流密度时,NFP所需过电位仅为260 mV,比NF（320 mV）前驱体低18.75%,也优于大多数已报道的非贵金属催化剂和商用贵金属催化剂,显示出良好的应用前景。     

Microstructure evolution of cold-sprayed coating during deposition and through post-spraying heat treatment

The microstructural features of cold-sprayed coatings were investigated using Cu, Ti and Zn feedstocks by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal the microstructure evolution mechanisms in cold spray. Four typical effects including tamping, refinement, impact-induced fusion and annealing were examined on microstrueture. It is found that the microstructure of cold spray coating is remarkably influenced by spray materials. Ti coatings consist of evident porous layer and Cu coatings present a limited porous layer only near the surface. It is clear that the successive tamping effect and dynamic refinement of grains significantly influence the microstructure evolution of cold-sprayed coating. The tamping effect leads to the densification of porous coating layer gradually and the refinement effect leads to the formation of fine microstructure. It is considered that the large difference in the formation of porous layer is attributed to the dynamic impact pressure and hardenability of materials. It is also found that the impact-induced fusion during deposition of Zn coating can also modify the interfacial microstructure between particles in cold spray coating. Moreover, the nanocrystalline phase can be formed at the interfaces among particles resulting from the localized melting of the interfaces and tamping effect. Furthermore, the annealing treatment can modify the microstructure and property of a cold-sprayed coating.     

Modelling of plastic flow, heat transfer and microstructural evolution during rolling of eutectoid steel rods

A study was undertaken in an attempt to quantitatively describe the rolling process of eutectoid steel rods. Finite element method was employed to model plastic flow and heat transfer in the deformed material, and heat transfer during cooling to ambient temperature. The numerical calculation gave an assessment of the strain, strain rate and temperature distributions in the work piece. This allowed the prediction of the austenite microstructure evolution during the process. Finally, the relationships describing the microstructure-mechanical properties were used to quantitatively characterize the influence of processing parameters on strength of rods after rolling.     

CORDIS无机粘结剂的特性与试验

介绍了德国HA公司最新研制的CORDIS无机粘结剂的组成与性能以及应用中的问题。     

次亚磷酸盐溶液电镀三价铬工艺的电化学

研究了次亚磷酸盐溶液电镀三价铬工艺的溶液化学性质，对镀液中三价铬离子与次亚磷酸根离子的配位化合物进行了探讨。用线性电势扫描法、循环伏安法研究了镀液的电化学特征及镀液中氟离子、次亚磷酸根离子、溶液ｐＨ值对阴极析氢反应的影响。讨论了获得最佳电流效率的条件     

偏晶合金液-液相变过程模拟

建立了能描述在弥散相液滴形核、扩散长大、碰撞凝并及两液相空间分离等因素共同作用下，偏晶合金液-液相变过程中组织演变过程的数学模型。将计算的温度场和浓度场与控制凝固组织演变的动力学方程相耦合，模拟研究了单向冷却条件下Al-Pb合金液-液相变过程中的组织演变过程。结果表明，随着冷却的进行，液-液相变区不断由试样底部向试样顶部推进，直至贯穿整个试样。由于在凝固过程中弥散相液滴进行Marangoni迁移和Stokes运动，试样中的某些部位会出现液滴贫化、过饱和度增加和多次形核现象。     

预压缩单晶镍基合金的组织结构及在拉伸蠕变期间的粗化特征

对[001]取向单晶镍基合金进行压应力处理，获P-型筏状结构后，对其进行拉伸蠕变性能测试及SEM形貌观察，研究了P-型筏状结构的粗化特征及影响因素。结果表明：由于应力场的差别，样品不同位置筏状γ＇相粗化程度及特征不同，近断口处筏状γ＇相扭曲且粗化程度加剧，随离断口距离增加，γ＇相粗化程度减弱。有限元分析认为：外加载荷改变了水平和垂直γ基体通道中的错配应力分布，并使立方γ＇相不同界面晶格发生挤压或扩张应变，这可以促进元素的互扩散和γ＇相的定向生长，是形成P-型筏状组织的主要原因。在高温及拉应力作用下，P-型γ＇相端部沿垂直于应力轴方向优先生长和相互横向连接，并进一步形成折叠的层状组织。     

金属塑性成形过程的微观组织模拟与优化技术研究现状

介绍了金属塑性成形过程中微观组织演变的数学模型和常用的微观组织优化目标函数 ,给出了金属塑性成形微观组织模拟和优化的主要方法———微观遗传算法和灵敏度分析方法的基本原理 ,叙述了近年来国内外金属塑性成形微观组织模拟与优化研究概况。