Oxygen enrichment from air through multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene films

Several multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films were fabricated by blown thin film having a thickness of 7 μm and an area of 130 cm². They were characterized for their oxygen‐enrichment performance from air by a constant pressure–variable volume method in a round permeate cell with an effective area of 73.9 cm². The relationship between oxygen‐enrichment properties, including oxygen‐enriched air (OEA) flux, oxygen concentration, permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, nitrogen, as well as separation factor through the multilayer LDPE films, and operating parameters, including transfilm pressure difference, retentate/permeate flux ratio, temperature, as well as layer number, are all discussed in detail. It is found that all of the preceding oxygen‐enrichment parameters increase continuously with an increase of transfilm pressure difference from 0.1 to 0.65 MPa, especially for the trilayer and tetralayer LDPE films. The oxygen concentration and separation factor appear to rapidly increase within the retentate/permeate flux ratio below 200, and then become unchangeable beyond that, whereas the OEA flux and the permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, and nitrogen seem to remain nearly constant within the whole retentate/permeate flux ratio investigated, especially for the monolayer and bilayer LDPE films. The selectivity becomes inferior, whereas the permeability becomes superior, as the operating temperature increases from 23 to 31°C. The highest oxygen concentration was found to be 44.8% for monolayer LDPE film in a single step with air containing oxygen of 20.9% as a feed gas and operating pressure of 0.5 MPa at a retentate/permeate flux ratio of 340 and 23°C. The results demonstrate a possibility to prepare an oxygen‐enriching membrane directly from air, based on the easily obtained thin LDPE films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3013–3021, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2331     

大型常压锥顶贮罐的设计

以工程实例为依据，论述国内以往较少采用的大型梁柱式支承锥顶贮罐的结构，介绍了国内外相关设计标准，给出了贮罐的典型结构－斜椽，横梁和立柱的计算公式，并用Excel电子表格编制了计算书。     

Rate of adsorption to and desorption from a langmuir surface: The case of zero activation barrier to adsorption without dissociation

Many rate constants of elementary steps on single crystals have been measured. Their pre-exponential factors can now be compared to those calculated by transition state theory. Such a calculation is presented in this Letter with due attention to microscopic reversibility, standard states, and configurational entropy.     

Crystal transformation from the α- to the β-form upon tensile drawing of poly(l-lactic acid)

A film of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) consisting of highly oriented α crystals was uniaxially drawn by tensile force. The effects of the draw ratio (DR), draw temperature (T_d), and draw stress on the crystal/crystal transformation from the α- to the β-form crystals were studied. At the initial stage of drawing, the highly oriented α crystals of the starting film transformed into a broader orientation distribution, and significant crystal disorder was introduced. Upon further drawing, the α crystals steadily transformed into β crystals with increasing the DR. For the drawing at a constant T_d, the crystal transformation proceeded more efficiently at a higher draw rate and, hence, at a higher draw stress. Furthermore, for the drawing at a constant draw rate, the transformation proceeded with DR most efficiently for the tensile draw at a T_d around 140 °C, although the draw stress increased with decreasing the T_d. The present result combined with the previous finding in the drawing of PLLA by solid-state extrusion [Macromolecules 36 (2003) 3601] suggests that there is a T_d of around 140 °C at which the crystal transformation proceeds most efficiently with DR, suggesting that there are two factors that have opposite effects on the efficiency of the crystal transformation with increasing the T_d. However, as a result of the combined effects of the T_d and DR on the crystal transformation and the ductility increase with the T_d, an oriented film consisting predominantly of β crystals was obtained by tensile drawing at a T_d in the range of 140-170 °C to the highest DR achieved at each T_d.     

选磷厂废水电化学处理循环利用

简要介绍磷矿浮选厂废水（尾矿水）进行电化学处理的研究和处理后循环使用的浮选工艺试验以及含固废水电化学处理的理论基础。试验结果表明：经电化学处理后的废水达到工艺用水水质控制指标；反复循环使用于浮选工艺取得满意效果；电化学处理方法是实现工业废水循环利用的有效手段。     

洛河电厂6kV厂用电源双向快速切换

由于快切装置生产厂家只能提供一种逻辑,无法满足"厂网分开,竞价上网"后降低成本的要求,为此对厂家装置进行改进。针对以上要求,提出增加一套快切装置(称为反切柜)用于备用段自投。用这套快切装置进行两台机组与备用段电源开关之间的切换,通过设定的转换开关进行选择,并增加相应逻辑。这样避免了使用购网电量。同时实现无论哪台机跳闸备用电源均能投入运行。     

屋顶绿化节能热工评价

研究了屋顶绿化的节能热工评价方法,通过室内环境为空调控制和自然室温2种状态下的屋顶绿化节能热工对比测试,得到主要结果：在夏季空调期间,绿化屋顶热流减少70%左右,附加当量热阻为1.0 m^2.k/w;自然室温环境下绿化屋顶热流方向与对比屋顶相反,绿化屋顶的冷却效率为111%。     

小江调水调蓄水库方案研究

小江调水是引江济渭入黄方案中的重要方案之一.小江调水方案是从三峡库区支流小江取水,水源丰富,调水量保证率高,Ⅰ期调水40亿m3,引水流量300 m3/s.在综合分析各种调蓄水库的可能性后,推荐采用沣河平原水库方案来调蓄小江来水,并对该方案的作用和效果进行了分析.结果表明:该方案冲淤效果得到改善,减淤量在平水系列比无水库时提高19.6%,在枯水系列提高32.4%.     

上海东方体育中心综合体育馆屋盖结构风振分析

在屋盖同步风洞试验测量的基础上,采用CQC法对上海东方体育中心综合体育馆大跨屋盖进行了较为准确的空间风振分析。分析了多个复杂空间振型对有代表性节点的动位移根方差的影响,得到本体育馆的最大参振振型为30阶;考虑了两种荷载组合工况,比较了工况1、工况2和自重作用下屋盖结构的节点位移和基底反力,工况1作用下的节点位移和基底反力最大,工况2作用下的相应结果最小;最后给出了5个不利风向下的位移风振系数,可供参考。     

Characteristics of water inflow and chemical grouting treatment of a Liu Yuanzi Coal Mine shaft in the Ordos Basin

During shaft constructing, a borehole water inflow of 30 m3/h was encountered in Liu Yuanzi Coal Mine in the southwestern Ordos Basin, whose aquifer is mainly cretaceous. On the basis of regional hydrogeological conditions, a mercury intrusion method and scanning electron microscope were used in this study. We conclude that the loose, porous and easily collapsible clay particles of the cretaceous aquifer rock mass were the major geological cause for water hazards during the construction of the shaft. We propose an approach of chemical grouting from the working surface and in the end succeeded in blocking the water.