硫化物预处理方法研究及测定中的质量保证

针对水和废水中硫离子的特点,设计制作了测定硫化物的酸化—吹气—吸收预处理装置,并验证了该装置对硫化物的回收效果,简化了原来的预处理方法。总结分光测定过程中注意的若干事项,确定了最佳实验条件,使该方法具有更准确、简便、快速的特点。     

轻质滤料滤池的试验与研究

轻质滤料滤池是以比水密度略小的滤料为滤床的滤池，通过以净水厂的原水和污水处理厂的二级处理出水为过滤试验对象，所取得的结果表明：下向流轻质滤料滤池对浊度和悬浮固体（SS）的去除率分别可以达到80％和45％，而滤床的水头损失不超过15cm。因此轻质滤料滤池可以以预过滤的形式配置在过滤处理的净水和污水的处理工艺中。     

农村饮水解困工程持续利用的探讨

分析了尧都区农村饮水工程存在的问题，阐述了农村饮水解困工程持续利用的管理措施，提出建立新的农村供水市场理念。     

炼油厂碱性污水生物催化氧化预处理工艺研究

在对炼油厂碱性污水水质分析的基础上,提出采用生物催化氧化工艺对碱性污水进行预处理。试验结果表明,在水力停留时间为4 h,曝气量(标准状态)为8 m3／h的条件下,碱性污水的硫化物去除率可达90％以上,出水中的硫化物平均值为15．2 mg/L,CODCR、酚和油的去除率分别为47．5％,44．1％,50．8％,其中CODCR体积负荷为3．85 kg／(m3·d),是传统生化处理的10倍, 达到了污水预处理的目的。     

Design Methodology and Area Sensitivity Analysis of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

An approach is presented to satisfy the demand for simple criteria, guidelines and models for the preliminary sizing of horizontal subsurface flow (SF) constructed wetland systems. This approach eliminates time-consuming calculations and iterations by providing graphical solutions for wetland system sizing. Therefore, it can be used for the preliminary assessment of new or performance evaluation of existing subsurface flow constructed wetland systems. The validity of this methodology is checked with data from existing systems and is found to be quite satisfactory. This methodology is combined with simple equations predicting the maximum wetland capacity in summer, so as to assist designers in sizing installations in tourist areas with increased summer populations. Furthermore, based on this methodology, a sensitivity analysis is performed of the area requirements for wastewaters of various strengths and various design conditions and performance criteria. The results provide a useful overview to engineers and further simplify the design methodology of new subsurface flow constructed wetland systems.     

钻井污水处理技术研究进展

通过分析钻井污水的来源及钻井污水共同的特点。阐述了国内外钻井污水处理的方法，即电絮凝浮选法、混凝－气浮－过滤法、机械过滤法和过滤－吸附－反渗透法和化学混凝－强化固液分离法以及絮凝剂作用机理，即压缩双电层机理、吸附电中和作用、吸附架桥作用和沉淀物网捕作用。提出要进一步开展絮凝机理研究，为今后研制性能更好的钻井污水处理剂新型产品提供理论和实验依据；絮凝剂要在防腐、杀菌等方面起一定作用，使絮凝剂产品多样化和多功能化，以提高絮凝效果；在优选絮凝剂产品的基础上，加强对絮凝处理工艺的研究，规范各种处理措施，将会对提高处理效果起到十分重要的作用。     

生物除铬(VI)效果及机理探讨

以特定污泥挂膜的自制厌氧生物滤床系统具有良好的去铬(VI)能力。恒流泵最佳流量为47mL/min,外加碳源使废水COD约140mg/L,铬(VI)的浓度由60mg/L左右降到0.5mg/L以下(一级排放标准),需要4h,而对照组(未加碳源)需要14h。铬(VI)浓度由64.66mg/L提高到75.53mg/L时,对系统负面影响甚微,提高到95.47mg/L时,系统出水达标所需时间延长到7.5h。添加微量金属离子与未添加微量金属离子的情况相比,处理效率提高21.26%。分析试验表明:铬(VI)的去除途径可能是由生物还原作用将六价铬还原为三价铬,形成氢氧化铬沉积于微生物表面。     

Rate of ammonia oxidation in a synthetic saline wastewater by a nitrifying mixed‐culture

Most of the kinetic studies on nitrification have been performed in diluted salts medium. In this work, the ammonia oxidation rate (AOR) was determined by respirometry at different ammonia (0.01 and 33.5 mg N‐NH₃ L^?1), nitrite (0–450 mg N‐NO₂^? L^?1) and nitrate (0 and 275 mg N‐NO₃^? L^?1) concentrations in a saline medium at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Sodium azide was used to uncouple the ammonia and nitrite oxidation, so as to measure independently the AOR. It was determined that ammonia causes substrate inhibition and that nitrite and nitrate exhibit product inhibition upon the AOR. The effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were represented by the Andrews equation (maximal ammonia oxidation rate, r_AOMAX, = 43.2 [mg N‐NH₃ (g VSS_AO h)^?1]; half saturation constant, K_SAO, = 0.11 mg N‐NH₃ L^?1; inhibition constant K_IAO, = 7.65 mg N‐NH₃ L^?1), by the non‐competitive inhibition model (inhibition constant, K_INI, = 176 mg N‐NO₂^? L^?1) and by the partially competitive inhibition model (inhibition constant, K_INA, = 3.3 mg N‐NO₃^? L^?1; α factor = 0.24), respectively. The r_AOMAX value is smaller, and the K_SAO value larger, than the values reported in diluted salts medium; the K_IAO value is comparable to those reported. Process simulations with the kinetic model in batch nitrifying reactors showed that the inhibitory effects of nitrite and nitrate are significant for initial ammonia concentrations larger than 100 mg N‐NH₄⁺ L^?1. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

高压脉冲放电处理含氰废水的影响因素探讨

焦化废水中含有大量的氰化物,必须采取有效措施进行去除,传统去除方法运行成本高、操作复杂。提出了用高压毫微秒脉冲产生的非平衡等离子体处理含氰废水的方法,对其影响因素pH值、放电时间、气流量、放电条件等进行了大量的实验研究,结果表明:溶液初始pH值为9.09,放电2 h,放电电压46 kV时氰化物的去除率最高可达93.2%,氰化物质量浓度可降至0.26 mg/L。实验对比了放电与不放电氰化物的去除效果:相同条件下放电后氰化物的去除率大大提高,为焦化废水中氰化物的去除提出了一种新的方法。     

Photo-Fenton removal of water-soluble polymers

This paper presents the results of experiments carried out in a laboratory-scale photochemical reactor on the photodegradation of different polymers in aqueous solutions by the photo-Fenton process. Solutions of three polymers, polyethyleneglicol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAM), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were tested under different conditions. The reaction progress was evaluated by sampling and analyzing the total organic carbon concentration in solution (TOC) along the reaction time. The behavior of the different polymers is discussed, based on the evolution of the TOC–time curves. Under specific reaction conditions, the formation and coalescence of solid particles was visually observed. Solids formation occurred simultaneously to a sharp decrease in the TOC of the liquid phase. This may be favorable for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing polymers, since the photodegradation process can be coupled with solid separation systems, which may reduce the treatment cost.