XVM虚拟环境下并行程序的性能评测

该文引入speedup作为并行程序的性能评测指标,分析了并行程序在不同类型和不同数量的客户虚拟机中运行的性能差异,实验表明,MPI并行程序在xVM虚拟化环境中的运行性能接近非虚拟化本地主机的性能,在半虚拟化环境中的并行程序性能超过全虚拟化环境中的并行程序性能。     

Model-guided evaluation of consumer products

An evaluation of a consumer product is presented as an example of how ergonomics models can guide data collection and interpretation by non-ergonomists. The product, a new cooking pan, was compared with its earlier counterpart on performance and safety tests for specific features. Model-guided evaluations produced data which could be well-fitted by linear relationships, and measures derived from the data could be interpreted in physical terms by engineers. This is now the standard methodology for pan evaluation in the client company.     

Screening model for assessing ‘cost’ of minimum flow requirements in the Svartå River,Sweden

The minimum flow requirements in the Svartå River in Sweden are directed at maintaining fishlife and providing suitable dilution for waste flows. The implications of varying the minimum flow requirements in the river are examined using a mixed integer optimisation model. The model is formulated as a modified method-of-weights technique with the economic issues of hydro-electricity generation, irrigation and urban water supply placed in the objective function and the minimum flows specified within the constraint set. The integer component of the model is required to model the operating policy at the major flow regulation facility in the system and the restricted validity of the irrigation permits. Application of the model shows that in dry years where competition between minimum flow levels and the other economic uses, is most intense, the levels achieved by the various economic objectives are only slightly reduced even with significant increases in the minimum flow requirements. Variations in minimum flow requirements of up to 45% only produce changes of 10% or less in the economic objectives. The lack of sensitivity of the objective levels is due primarily to the level of control exerted indirectly on the whole system in dry years by the release regulation policy and the restricted validity of the irrigation permits. In normal to wet years these policies are not as restrictive and more choice is available. In such years, however, there is generally sufficient water to satisfy all requirements and allocation is not a critical issue. The model itself is formulated generally so that a range of scenarios beyond those examined specifically in the paper can be considered.     

The volume integral method of eddy-current modeling: Verification

The volume integral method of eddy-current modeling represents a flaw in metal as a set of electric dipoles located within volume elements or cells defining the flaw volume. Given this dipole distribution, impedance changes may be computed. The electric field of the dipole distribution is determined by an integral equation relating, by means of the electric field Green's tensor, the electric field due to the source to the total electric field in the flaw. The integral equation is solved by assuming that the total electric field is constant in each volume element, resulting in a matrix equation. The method has been programmed for use on a microcomputer. The method and computer program are verified using the analytical solution for a small spherical flaw and three sets of measured impedance data, measured by air-core coils along profiles overlying both surface-breaking and buried simulated flaws of known dimensions. Operating frequencies ranged between 900 and 4000 Hz. Generally agreement is good at lower frequencies ( 1000 Hz). At higher frequencies ( 4000 Hz), the agreement is not as good. This is thought to be due to the inability of the constant electric field approximation to model the steep electric field gradients present in the host metal at high frequency. The results are also sensitive to the method of computation of the electric field due to the source. Some improvements can and should be made to the method.     

A generalized equation for surface tension from the triple point to the critical point

A three-parameter generalized equation is proposed for surface tension from the triple point to the critical point. This equation not only fits the data well but also is good for interpolation between the normal boiling point and the critical point. This equation is also good for extrapolation to the triple point. This equation has been tested using the surface tension of water from the triple point to the critical point. The constants of this equation obtained using orthobaric surface tensions are given for a number of compounds. The isobaric surface tensions determined at a pressure of 1 atm do not differ significantly from the orthobaric surface tensions. Such data also have been used in obtaining equations from the triple to the critical point.Nomenclature T _c Critical temperature, K - T _t Triple point, K - T _m Melting point, K - T _r Reduced temperature, K - X (T _c-T)/T _c - Surface tension, dyne · cm^–1;10^–3N · m^–1 - _m Surface tension at the melting point - _f Surface tension at T _r=0.9 - _t Surface tension at the triple point - Relative deviation 100[ _obsd– _calcd]/ _obsd - Standard deviation [( _obsd– _calcd)²/(No. points—No. parameters)]^0.5     

一种简便的饮用水除铀方法及其机理

本文介绍一种利用原水中含有的无机盐,加入廉价的化学试剂除去饮用水中微量铀的简便方法。并对其除铀机理进行了探讨,证明除铀主要是以软化水过程中产生的氢氧化镁表面吸附共沉淀机理进行的。     

Developing and evaluating language courseware

The paper sets out twenty proposals for the development and evaluation of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) programs. These proposals emerge from special characteristics of language instruction and of the use of computers to assist in language instruction. We combine theoretically-based assumptions with empirical findings drawn from investigation of language courseware for Hebrew speakers in Israel. We first list four unique features of language instruction: (1) the object-language-meta-language distinction; (2) computer as written medium vs. language as primary spoken medium; (3) teaching of second language skills vs. linguistics; (4) the computer as an electronic tool vs. the computer as a cognitive entity simulating the speaker. We then show how these unique characteristics of language instruction (mother-tongue and foreign language) impose special proposals on language courseware. These proposals should be observed in the development of language courseware and in the evaluation of such programs. Clearly, these proposals integrate with general courseware proposals. Michal Ephratt (Ph.D., computational linguistics) completed post-doctoral studies at the University of Rochester. She has been on the staff of the Dept. of Hebrew Linguistics, University of Haifa, since 1988. Some of her publications include Root-Pattern Array: The Main Tool of Hebrew Word Formation (Hebrew University, 1985); and What's in a Joke? in Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language and Knowledge-based Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1990).This paper is based on work the author did as a consultant in the National Courseware Evaluation Department of the Ministry of Education. I wish to thank Esther Diamant, head of the department, for making the study possible.     

基于滤波的SAR影像去噪方法分析

根据SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)影像相干噪声的特点,对现在广泛应用的各种抑制噪声的滤波方法如均值滤波、Frost滤波、增强型Lee滤波、Lee滤波、中值滤波等进行分析,并提出适合本研究区影像的基于小波变换的分量滤波处理去噪方法,利用均值、标准差、平滑指数、PM值、信息熵和平均梯度等评价指标对各种滤波去噪后的影像质量进行评价,并对去噪效果进行对比分析,证明本文所采用的滤波方法对SAR影像噪声有很好的抑制作用,并且较好的保存了图像纹理信息。     

关于加强计算机网络安全管理的思考

计算机网络的使用在当今社会已经达到普及的程度,随之而来的计算机网络安全问题正受到越来越多人的关注。本文从计算机网络安全的定义及网络安全问题出现的原因分析入手,结合技术和管理两个层面,谈谈如何加强计算机网络安全管理。以供参考。     

遥感图像理想均衡化及图像质量定量评价

大多数原始的遥感影像由于其灰度分布集中在较窄的范围内,影像的细节不够清晰,对比度较低。为了使影像的灰度范围拉开或使灰度均匀分布,从而增大反差,增强影像细节信息,通常采用的方法为直方图均衡化。通过对信息熵定义的阐述,引出直方图均衡化的图像增强算法。通过分析传统直方图均衡化算法中存在的缺陷,进而基于分段映射思想提出一种改进的理想直方图均衡化算法。同时,为了对传统算法和改进算法进行定量化地分析比较,基于同时对比度以及人类视觉对比度分辨率限制和模糊数学的相关思想,分别提出基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度和细节评价参数的定义。最后,采用同时对比度、基于加权几何平均数法的合成平均对比度以及细节评价参数作为定量评价的指标,对所提出的改进算法进行了定量评价。评价结果表明,该改进算法的图像增强效果优于传统的直方图均衡化算法。