矿用隔爆兼本安型计算机信号隔离器设计

针对煤矿井下电气设备要求本质安全的特点,设计了一种矿用隔爆兼本安型计算机信号隔离器,主要介绍了该隔离器的硬件电路设计。该隔离器主要用于矿井中本质安全型计算机主机与外部输入输出设备的连接,能够实时地传送键盘输入的数据,具有良好的信号隔离功能和抗干扰性能。     

矿用隔爆兼本质安全型不间断直流稳压电源的设计

基于本质安全型电源的原理及特点,提出了一种矿用隔爆兼本质安全型不间断直流稳压电源的设计方案,详细介绍了该电源主要电路的设计。该电源采用LM317可调稳压芯片实现稳压功能,具有使用方便、电路简单、变换效率高、成本低等优点。测试结果表明,该电源达到了本安标准,满足了安全型电气设备的需求。     

煤矿井下采掘设备隔爆兼本安型电气控制箱的本安设计

针对煤矿井下采掘设备防爆兼本安型电气控制箱内本安电路与非本安电路并存、非本安电路的能量可能会窜入本安电路而影响本安电路防爆及本安性能的问题,从结构设计和电气隔离两方面介绍了煤矿井下采掘设备隔爆兼本安型电气控制箱的本安设计方法,给出了电气间隙、爬电距离、绝缘及耐压、接线端子、本安布线、电源变压器、本安隔离栅印制板等结构布置方法以及RS485通信隔离电路、模拟量隔离电路、压频变换电路、电阻信号隔离电路、开关量隔离电路、继电器隔离电路等电气隔离措施。应用表明,采用该方法设计的煤矿井下采掘设备隔爆兼本安型电气控制箱安全可靠,维护简便,能够满足煤矿井下的防爆要求。     

视觉测量中多光学靶点亮度自适应控制

提出了一种面向大视场高精度视觉测量的多红外目标靶点（红外LED）亮度自适应控制方法。以微控制器PIC16F873A和LED驱动芯片MAX6964作为核心器件,设计了可满足大空间范围内靶点亮度控制需求的多目标靶点控制驱动器。为了使LED在近距测量时的调节精度和远近距离测量时的发光亮度都能满足要求,根据MAX6964输出特点设计了PWM信号输出电路,并采用推挽电路驱动LED。实验证明,目标靶点在CCD相机上成像光斑稳定一致。     

Analysis of information exchange activities to actualize and validate situation awareness during shift changeovers in nuclear power plants

Shift work situations occur in almost all safety‐critical organizations, and the investigations of some catastrophes like Chernobyl, Exxon Valdez, and the Gol/Legacy mid‐air collision indicated that shift work information exchange played an important role during the evolution of the situation before the accidents. Inadequate communications during shift changeovers challenged operators' work in the moments that preceded these accidents, because they got inadequate information about the current situation. Our research focuses on the information exchange activities (verbal, written, and nonverbal) of nuclear power plant control operators during shift changeovers. Our aim is to investigate how verbal exchanges and other representations enable operator crews to share information regarding the events that occurred in the previous shift to achieve adequate situation awareness. Our findings indicated the importance and richness of the information exchange during the shift changeover process to update and validate individual and collective situation awareness, showing that information adequately shared enables the ad hoc configurations of regulation loops and a safer use of simplified strategies that can be understood and be validated by other operators, reducing the occurrence of cognitive overloads and contributing to the construction of a common cognitive ground that enhances system resilience. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transparency in complex dynamic food supply chains

Food supply chains are increasingly complex and dynamic due to (i) increasing product proliferation to serve ever diversifying and globalising markets as a form of mass customisation with resulting global flows of raw materials, ingredients and products, and (ii) the need to satisfy changing and variable consumer and governmental demands with respect to food safety, animal welfare, and environmental impact. Transparency in the food supply chain is essential to guarantee food quality and provenance to all users of food and food products. Intensified information exchange and integrated information systems involving all chain actors are needed to achieve transparency with respect to a multitude of food properties.In this paper, specific challenges of food supply chains are highlighted. Major elements are addressed that support transparency to consumers, the government and food companies, which are considered the claimants of transparency. Elements considered to be enablers of transparency are governance mechanisms, quality and safety standards and information exchange. The paper specifies these transparency claimants and enablers for food supply chains and identifies major information system functions and information technology applications needed to comply with transparency demands. It thereby provides a framework for transparency analysis in food supply chains.     

关于加强计算机网络安全管理的思考

计算机网络的使用在当今社会已经达到普及的程度,随之而来的计算机网络安全问题正受到越来越多人的关注。本文从计算机网络安全的定义及网络安全问题出现的原因分析入手,结合技术和管理两个层面,谈谈如何加强计算机网络安全管理。以供参考。     

基于像素差异的金属腐蚀区域分割仿真研究

研究基于图像的金属腐蚀区域分割问题,提高分割区域的准确性。针对传统基于金属本身与腐蚀颜色的区别,利用像素差异的变化进行腐蚀区域的分割,因当腐蚀颜色与金属的本体颜色相差不是很大,或者在边沿发生像素的混淆时,利用差异边缘像素相减的方法很难完整分割腐蚀区域的问题。为了解决上述问题,提出利用空间像素差异距离聚类的金属腐蚀区域图像分割算法。通过计算差异像素之间的差异距离概率,将差异像素特征进行严格划分,对划分后的结果进行排序计算,详细描述混淆边沿信息,对腐蚀区域进行完整分割。实验证明,改进方法能够对金属腐蚀造成的细微区域完整分割,取得了满意的效果,为金属腐蚀区检测提供了参考。     

基于叶片形态特征的葡萄品种自动识别

葡萄在全世界种植范围较广,葡萄品种识别对葡萄资源统计、新品种鉴定及遗传资源保护都有重要意义。以成熟叶片为基本材料,不变矩、面积、周长、主叶脉长度和叶柄长度等11维特征向量为基础数据,采用叶片特征选择、图像处理、特征值提取、建立分类模型等方法,运用国际葡萄与葡萄酒组织形态分类方法和改进的欧式距离等技术开发一个基于葡萄叶片数字图像的葡萄品种自动识别软件。共测试17种酿酒和3种野生葡萄,识别率达87%。该方法具有自动化、识别速度快、花费低、省时省力等特点,可应用于葡萄病虫害的识别、杂交新品种双亲的判定等。     

Simulation of smoke flow and longitudinal ventilation in tunnel fire

1 Introduction The tunnel is one of the important facilities of railroad and highway transportation, and also a throat of railroad and highway. With the development of transportation, there are more and more tunnels. Although the tunnel fire occurs seldo…