2005年我国氯碱生产能力超高速增长

对截止2005年7月末我国氯碱装置的生产能力、2005年投产的装置、目前在建装置进行了介绍.国内大型氯碱生产装置、离子膜法装置在增多,但存在企业多、局部地区企业密集、产能增长过速的问题.     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

试论氯碱行业推行ISO14000环境管理体系认证的必要性

对我国氯碱行业现状及现存问题进行了分析,指出在该行业推行ISO14000环境管理 体系认证的必要性,以全面提升我国氯碱行业的管理水平,提高企业的市场竞争能力,促进环境与 经济的协调发展。     

改进化盐工艺降低酸碱消耗

介绍了采取不同配水工艺后酸碱消耗的比较情况，提出选择碱性配水化盐工艺可以降低酸碱消耗的建议。     

A new tantalum sulfur compound as electrode material for non-aqueous alkali metal batteries

Polycrystalline (PbS)_1.14(TaS₂)₂, a misfit layer sulfide, was used as cathodic material for lithium secondary battery. One molar LiClO₄ in propylene carbonate (PC) was used as electrolyte. The cell could be galvanostatic discharged down to x = 4.6 [Li_x(PbS)_1.14(TaS₂)₂] when the current density was 65 μA cm⁻² and the cell was cycled more than 100 times between 3.5 and 1.5 V at a current density of 260 μA cm⁻². Lattice expansion increased linearly with lithium content and was less than that reported for the Li/TaS₂ system. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined by a modified version of the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and they were fairly constant in the composition range 0.2 < x < 1, and an average value of 8.1 × 10⁻¹¹ cm² s⁻¹ was calculated. Sodium intercalation was also accomplished, but the uptake of this ion resulting in a significant lattice expansion compared with that observed for lithium ions. Moreover, a similar dependence of the sodium chemical diffusion coefficient on the composition was observed with an average value of 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm² s⁻¹, somewhat higher than that of lithium ion. We believe that differences in lattice expansion may be responsible for the differences found in the chemical diffusivity values.     

我国氯碱工业新时期的发展特点

在分析了国际、国内经济形势的基础上，提出了我国氯碱行业的发展趋势，即结构调整向大规模，集约化发展；企业改制转制向投资多元化发展，产品结构要实现氯碱平衡、大力发展聚氯乙烯及氯碱的下游精细化工产品。强调指出要建立氯碱行业物流中心，并重视环境保护?建议有条件的企业推行热电与碱联产，实现企业发展。     

Wettability and surfactivity of sodium phosphate surfactants in strong alkali solutions

The wettability, surfactivity and the correlation between wettability and surfactivity of sodium diethylhexylphosphate, sodium diethylhexyl polyoxyethylene phosphate and their complex in NaOH solutions were studied. A complex alkali resistant phosphate surfactant with good permeability was prepared. The wettability of surfactants was investigated by measuring the immersion time, sinking time and capillary effects of nature cotton grey fabric in NaOH solutions. The surfactivity of the surfactants was characterized by measuring the surface tension. The effect of the complex on the surface appearance of cotton grey fabric was also investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that all the surfactants exhibit good wettability for cotton grey fabric in 0.5–5.0 mol/L of NaOH solutions, the complex system exhibits better wettability in 5.0–7.0 mol/L of NaOH solutions, in comparison with either corresponding single surfactant component employed, and wettability is well correlative with the surfactivities of the surfactant. SEM images indicate that the cotton grey fabric is well wetted by the alkaline surfactant solution and the quality of fabric is improved.     

碱催化异构化制备共轭亚麻酸的研究

共轭亚麻酸具有多种有益的生理功能,本文以亚麻油(含53.5%亚麻酸)为原料,氢氧化钾为催化剂,乙二醇为溶剂,碱催化异构化方法制备共轭亚麻酸,采用气相色谱法表征。研究了反应温度、时间、碱油比及溶剂用量对亚麻油共轭化的影响,得到了制备共轭亚麻酸的最佳实验条件。结果表明,当反应温度180℃,反应时间40 min,碱油比(mA∶mO)=3∶1,溶剂油比(VS∶mO)=20∶1时,亚麻酸的共轭收率可达52.70%。该方法能使反应在均相反应体系中较为温和的温度条件下较短的时间内完成。     

我国南方农村生活污水处理技术的研发现状

针对农村生活污水直接排放已经成为影响我国农村水环境质量主要因素之一的现状,从适合我国农村的以村落或居民点为单位进行生活污水分散式处理的思维入手,介绍了我国现今主要的分散式生活污水处理技术的原理、特点、不足及其应用现状;继而综合比较了这些技术的技术经济指标,提出了适合我国农村的分散式生活污水处理技术的设计原则;最后提出发展有较高水力负荷,并具备小规模设备化特征和多种生物处理单元复合的创新技术是我国农村生活污水处理技术发展的主要方向。     

格兰杰因果关系检验模型分析与应用

目的 分析格兰杰因果关系检验模型,应用格兰杰因果检验模型检验房地产市场中的地价与房价之间的因果关系.方法 修正了沈阳市地价与房价的环比价格指数,对沈阳市地价与房价之间的关系进行平稳性检验,协整检验和格兰杰因果检验.结果 沈阳市房价是地价的格兰杰原因,房价的上涨会带动地价的上涨;而地价不是房价的格兰杰原因,但地价作为房价的重要组成部分,对房价有一定的影响作用.土地只是构成房地产的一个生产要素,其需求的变化是受房屋市场需求变化影响的,房屋市场供不应求,价格上涨,才使开发商对土地的需求增加,造成地价上涨.结论 土地招标、拍卖和挂牌政策的实施不是造成房价上涨的主要原因.