浅析盐化企业变压器烧毁的原因及防范措施

文章针对我国盐化工业企业日常发生的配电变压器烧毁的现象,通过长期跟踪了解,调查分析和现场测试,提出了有效的防范措施.     

Multivariate analysis of the water quality variation in the Serra da Estrela (Portugal) Natural Park as a consequence of road deicing with salt

The concentration of some anions (Cl, F, NO₃, and SO₄), cations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg), pH and conductivity was determined in seven sampling points in the Serra da Estrela Mountains (Portugal) to verify if the application of road deicing with salt provokes impact in the water quality. Multivariate chemometric data analysis techniques of clustering and factor analysis were used. Preliminary analysis shows an overall conductivity increase in late spring and a decrease in late summer. A strong association between sodium chloride and the conductivity was observed by cluster analysis. Factor analysis supports the previous results and shows that the variation of the concentration of sodium chloride is the main source of the variance of the data along the year. In conclusion, the spreading of salt during the winter creates a local and seasonal impact on the water quality.     

分子筛效应在水工材料中的研究应用初探

对在实验中发现的某些具有分子筛效应的材料进行了分析研究,认为研究利用某些康价材料的分子筛效应,将在绿化混凝土应用研究、混凝土AAR的抑制、盐碱性土地的改造中发挥作用。     

宁夏马家塘盐化土壤灌水前后盐分组成的分布

为了改善宁夏马家塘新灌区灌水后土壤次生盐渍化现象,以马家塘灌区南部有盐化迹象的土壤为对象,选择两种不同土壤类型,即通体型盐化土壤和中位底盐型盐化土壤,在不同的灌水定额条件下,对土壤中可溶盐分组成进行分析.结果表明:该地区主要为硫酸盐型盐化土壤,土壤中SO42-占阴离子总量的96%以上,而对作物生长影响相对较大的Cl-含量较低,Cl-及其他阴离子含量总合所占比率不足4%;阳离子主要为Ca2 ,占阳离子总量的90%以上,其他阳离子含量总合所占比率不足10%.通体型盐化土壤灌水后,在3600m3h/m 2灌水定额下,表层土壤SO42-和Ca2 含量较6000m 3h/m 2灌水定额下SO42-和Ca2 含量增加.因此,该类土壤的灌溉最好在灌区开发先期暂缓旱地改水田,并采取生物改良措施排盐.     

Effect of EM Bokashi application on control of secondary soil salinization

In order to ameliorate saline-alkaline soil, EM Bokashi has been applied to rice production in conjunction with subdrainage in Ningxia Autonomous Region and Zhejiang Province. The preliminary results can be summarized as follows： EM Bokashi can increase soil organic matter content, improve soil porosity and permeability, and raise the soil＇s levels of available nutrients; and EM Bokashi combined with subdrainage treatment is more effective in controlling secondary soil salinization and raising the grain yield and quality than other treatments. The results suggest that EM Bokashi can reduce the necessary amount of chemical fertilizer application, thereby improving the agricultural environment, and that the introduction of EM Bokashi into systems of secondary soil salinization control systems has resulted in significant benefits.     

东光县地下水压采效果及环境影响预测

运用Visual-MODFLOW软件建立东光县地下水流数值模型,对不同压采方案下地下水水位回升效果进行预测,并分析其环境影响。结果表明:仅压采深层地下水(方案1)时,承压含水层水位整体明显抬升,升幅为2.0~11.7 m,其中处于超采区的东光县城区升高幅度最大;同时压采浅层和深层地下水(方案2)时,承压含水层水位增幅在1.4~11.6 m,城区水位增幅依然最大。两种压采方案对潜水含水层的影响有限,潜水位前期出现不同程度的波动,后期水位较为平稳。总体上,两种方案下整个区域主要潜水位埋深为3~4 m;方案2下,个别地段水位埋深为1.8 m,低于本区防盐碱化临界水位埋深2.0 m,可能造成次生盐碱化风险。     

宁夏平罗县井渠结合灌区地下水盐运移规律研究

以综合治理井渠结合灌区土壤盐碱化为目标,针对宁夏平罗县井渠结合灌区下游灌水难、排水难和盐碱化严重等问题,采用渠灌井排、井沟联合使用等措施,对作物进行适量和适时灌溉,充分利用地下水资源,并监测井渠结合灌溉条件下田间土壤含盐量、地下水矿化度和水位埋深的变化情况,分析地下水埋深和矿化度对土壤含盐量的影响。结果表明:井渠结合灌溉对降低地下水位效果显著。以黄河水为主要灌溉水源的宁夏银北自流灌区,地下水矿化度变化幅度较小;灌溉后的土壤表层含盐量骤降,0~40 cm土层的盐分变化较大;土壤盐分与地下水矿化度具有较强的线性正相关性,与地下水埋深呈负相关。研究成果对干旱半干旱区灌区水资源优化配置、盐碱地改良具有参考价值。     

盐渍土研究中有关“地下水”问题的探讨

我国东北北部地区由于受典型的季节性冻土条件的影响,不同积盐期各有不同的地下水类型相伴随;春季积盐期：积盐过程是在冻层上进行的,参与此时积盐的是冻层上水;秋季积盐期,无冻层存在的情况下,潜水参与积盐;冬季积盐期,是冻层下潜水的水位高低及水质状况。     

风对北大港水库水质咸化影响的理论分析与实验研究

从理论上分析了风加快北大港水库水体水质咸化速度的原因，一是由于风对水体的扰动作用，加快了盐份从底部土壤向整个水体的扩散速度，二是风可加快水体的蒸发速度，加速了水体的蒸发浓缩作用，并通过有风、无风的对比实验定性地证明了此结论。     

我国设施农业土壤障碍现状

近年来我国设施农业发展迅猛,但存在明显的重建设、轻管理的倾向,以致造成土壤板结,土壤次生盐渍化,土壤酸化,土壤微生物区与土壤酶的失衡,出现了明显的土壤障碍问题。提出若干改良土壤的措施。