Role of semiochemicals in mate location by parasitic sea louse,Lepeophtheirus salmonis

The role of olfaction and diffusible pheromones in mate location behavior of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, was assessed with Y-tube behavioral bioassays. The pheromone emitting animals were located in a chamber in one arm of a Y-tube arena, with artificial seawater flowing through both arms. Adult male sea lice displayed both activation and directional responses to seawater conditioned with preadult II virgin females, but were only activated by mated adult female conditioned water. Further, when males were given the choice of preadult II virgin females or mated adult females, a significant number of males chose the arm with the preadult II virgin females. Adult males showed activation responses when presented with water conditioned with adult males but were not attracted to them. When presented with adult males, preadult II virgin females showed only directional responses, but not activation responses. Preadult II virgin female conditioned water was extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocols pioneered for semiochemical isolation. Adult male sea lice showed significant directional responses to the preadult II virgin female SPE extract. Distillation under vacuum was performed on the extract to give a distillate comprising components with a molecular weight range and physical properties comparable to those of compounds utilized as volatile semiochemicals by terrestrial organisms and a residue comprising components with higher molecular weight range comparable to those utilized as involatile semiochemicals. Adult males were found to be both significantly activated and attracted to the distillate, but not to the residue. This research provides evidence that small, lipophilic organic molecules are used by sea lice as sex pheromone signals to locate a member of the opposite sex.     

负载荧光探针的指示标签对三文鱼新鲜度的实时可视化监测

实时可视化监测鱼肉新鲜度,对于保障食品质量和消费者安全至关重要。以二甲氨基肉桂醛和异弗尔酮丙二腈为原料,合成一种具有供体(D)-π-受体(A)结构的荧光探针CDI,用来实时监测三文鱼肉的新鲜度。此探针对13种胺类物质响应明显,且对水产品腐败过程中产生的尸胺的荧光检测限低至9.91 μmol/L。采用物理沉降法将探针CDI负载到纤维滤纸上,再加入盐酸使其质子化,得到负载探针CDI+H+的指示标签。将指示标签置于三文鱼肉上空时,随着三文鱼肉新鲜度的下降,指示标签从白色变为浅黄色直至黄色,荧光逐渐开启,从紫粉色变为橙红色。通过对照总挥发性盐基氮值,验证了负载探针CDI+H+的指示标签可以通过比色荧光双响应信号很好地区分三文鱼肉的3个新鲜度等级。     

Rancidity development during the frozen storage of farmed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): Effect of antioxidant composition supplied in the diet

A commercial diet including synthetic antioxidants (BHT–ethoxyquin mixture) (diet I) was provided to coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in parallel with two diets including natural antioxidants (tocopherol isomers–rich mixture, diet II; tocopherol isomers-rosemary extract mixture, diet III). A comparative study of the rancidity development in the corresponding frozen (−18 °C) products was undertaken. When compared to fish fed with diet I, individuals corresponding to diet II showed a greater (p < 0.05) retention of primary (conjugated dienes and peroxides content) and secondary (anisidine and thiobarbituric acid indices) lipid oxidation compounds that led to a lower interaction compound formation (fluorescence ratio ranges: 0.33–0.50 and 0.55–0.85, for diet II and diet I individuals, respectively); likewise, a higher polyene index (1.99–2.14 and 1.72–1.97, respectively) and lower oxidised taste scores (0.0–0.6 and 0.0–2.4, respectively) were obtained. No effect (p > 0.05) on lipid hydrolysis development (free fatty acid formation) could be found as a result of employing different diets.     

油煎工艺条件对香煎大麻哈鱼品质的影响

以黑龙江特色菜肴"香煎大麻哈鱼"为研究对象,主要探究不同油煎温度(145,150,155,160,165℃)和时间(6,7,8,9,10min)对香煎大麻哈鱼品质的影响。通过单因素试验分别对香煎鱼肉的剪切力、出品率、水分含量和感官质量进行测定,筛选出最佳的加热工艺。结果表明,香煎大麻哈鱼最佳的油煎条件为在油温155℃时油煎8min,此时鱼肉最嫩,出品率较高,水分含量最大,感官评价得分最高,表现为肉质多汁性、口感等感官品质最佳。