Analysis of the Thermal Explosion in Systems Porous Reagent–Active Gas–Solid Product

The specific features of dynamics of the thermal explosion in systems porous reagent–active gas–solid product under conditions where the heattransfer and masstransfer regions are separated from the ambient medium are considered. In addition to the competition of heat release and heat removal, the process of initiation of exothermal chemical interaction in these systems under normal pressures depends significantly on conditions of filtration transport of the gaseous reagent. The induction and postinduction periods of the thermal explosion are studied. The theoretical analysis of thermalexplosion issues is supplemented by an experimental study of the process for the porous titanium–nitrogen–titanium nitride system.     

关于生产精制元明粉的探讨

介绍了以山西运城南风自产芒硝为原料生产精制元明粉的几种工艺,以及国内外精制元明粉的市场及生产状况.精制工艺包括化学除杂法、原料优选法、重结晶法.结果表明,精制元明粉的生产过程实质是一个除杂、提纯过程：对于钙离子含量高的原料,可采用化学除杂法;对于氯离子含量高的原料,可采用氯离子富集法、冷冻法或洗涤法;镁离子较难去除,可采用水硝洗涤、冷冻法.     

Adhesion Mechanisms of Polyurethanes to Glass Surfaces I. Structure-Property Relationships in Polyurethanes and Their Effects on Adhesion to Glass

Polyurethanes were prepared from toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1-4-butane diol (BDO) and polycaprolactone-based triols with varying molecular weights. Among each molecular weight triol-based urethane, hard segment content was varied from 20% to 70%. Differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and Iosipescu shear testing were done on all the various urethanes prepared. Thermal characterization data revealed the dependence of phase separation on hard segment content as well as on the triol molecular weight. Tensile data and Iosipescu shear data further confirmed the observations made from the DSC data. The data further indicated that phase separation can greatly improve the modulus of cross-linked segmented urethanes. Adhesion of these urethanes to glass surface was evaluated using soda-lime float glass plate. Urethane samples were cast on the air side of the glass plates and adhesion was measured in shear mode. Adhesion data indicated that in addition to hard segment content, modulus, cross-link density, and molecular weight of the triols, phase separation seems to be a major factor in controlling adhesion. Surfaces of the failed adhesion samples were also analyzed and the failure mode was found to be cohesive, in varying degree, with the different urethane systems.     

High solids content emulsions. III. Synthesis of concentrated latices by classic emulsion polymerization

Two different methods of producing bi‐ and trimodal latices of a mixture of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and small amounts of acrylic acid were tested. It is shown that a combination of concentrating blends of seed particles by semibatch reaction, followed by a nucleation of small particles plus a second semibatch phase allowed us to obtain stable latices with solids contents over 65% and viscosities of below 2500 mPa s^?1 with little coagulum formation. The key parameter in determining latex stability, coagulum formation, and viscosity appears to be the the particle size distribution, and especially its modification attributed to secondary nucleation. Because it is not possible to eliminate water‐soluble monomers from the polymerization recipe, secondary (homogeneous) nucleation must be minimized by careful addition of the free‐radical initiator and choice of monomer feed flow rates. The nucleation of the third population in the trimodal latices is best accomplished with a mixed surfactant system because renucleation by anionic surfactant alone leads to detrimental changes in the particle size distribution (PSD) resulting from excessive flocculation of particles. In addition, it was found that the viscosity of the final products was not sensitive to small changes in the ionic strength of the latex, although neutralization to a pH of 6 effectively doubles the final latex viscosity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1916–1934, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10513     

超声提取-高效液相色谱法测定烟草中烟碱含量

确定了制备烟碱分析样品的超声波提取条件:0.4% NaOH溶液为溶剂,液固比40:1(mL·g-1),提取时间4 h.确定了高效液相色谱法检测烟碱含量的条件为Kromasil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),检测波长259 nm,检测温度35 ℃,流动相CH3OH/0.02 mol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲溶液(V/V)为60/40,流速1.0 mL·min-1,进样量10 μL.平均加样回收率98.8%,相对标准偏差1.2%.结果表明超声提取-高效液相色谱法是一种准确度高,速度快的测定烟草中烟碱含量的检测方法.     

分光光度法测定锌铁合金镀层及镀液中的铁

采用分光光度法，以磺基水杨酸为显色剂、双氧水为氧化剂，锌铁合金镀层用稀盐酸溶解，控制pH值为1.5～3，在等吸收点处测定吸光度，并根据比耳定律计算镀层及镀液中的铁含量。     

硫酸法钛白粉生产中钛液的分析和铁分离

以硫酸法钛白粉生产工艺中间体浓钛液(硫酸氧钛)和偏钛酸为原料,分析了浓钛液中二氧化钛和铁的含量。总Ti的测试采用Al片还原法和高铁盐氧化还原滴定法,浓钛液中Ti3 直接用高铁盐氧化还原滴定法测定,铁含量用KMnO4氧化还原滴定法进行分析。采用无机陶瓷膜洗涤分离方法考查了水解后偏钛酸中的除铁效率,利用分光光度法和火焰原子吸收法分别测定洗涤液和二氧化钛粉体中的铁含量。试验表明,无机陶瓷膜洗涤分离方法可以将二氧化钛粉体中铁含量降到30×10-3‰以下,煅烧后产品白度大于94。陶瓷膜洗涤工艺可以实现连续操作,是一种值得推广的新工艺。     

Phase transitions and dimensional and morphological changes in an “Aluminum Hydroxide-Alumina” system under a shock-wave action

A method is proposed to study the sequence of phase transitions in powdered materials under a shock-wave action. It is shown that the aluminum hydroxide-alumina system has the following sequence of phase transformations under a shock-wave action: bayerite boehmite -Al₂O₃ -Al₂O₃. It is found that there are no transitional high-temperature modifications of alumina. A method is developed for obtaining a submicron alumina powder, which allows obtaining materials with a controlled phase composition, including a thermodynamically stable -modification of Al₂O₃. The specific features of the morphological structure and the phase and structural characteristics of powders after a shock-wave action are considered.Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 110–119, January–February, 2005.     

含水量对渠道保温板保温耐久性的影响及保温板厚度设计

北方渠道大多使用保温板防止混凝土衬砌受冻胀破坏。在计算保温板厚度时为了降低成本,容易忽略保温板使用过程中受各种因素的影响导致保温效果变差的情况,使混凝土衬砌达不到设计使用年限便提前被破坏。内蒙古河套灌区试验结果表明,由于受酸雨、冻融作用、含水量等因素的影响,保温板保温效果平均每年降低0.9℃,其中受含水量变化的影响最大。经试验测得:聚苯乙烯保温板(EPS)含水量每增加1%,会导致导热系数增大5%。基于多层材料串联热阻叠加原理和热阻等效原理,对保温板厚度计算公式进行完善,并提出相应的铺设方法和施工技术要求。该设计对保温板在季节性冻土区的推广应用具有一定参考价值。     

Characteristics of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions containing produced sand

Heavy-oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing produced sand were prepared using commercially available emulsifiers. The emulsions were tested in beakers for emulsion type, quality, and sand-retention characteristics. The apparent viscosities of the o/w emulsions were measured. The effects of polymer addition on the apparent viscosity and sand-carrying capability of the emulsions were also studied. The results of the breaker tests indicate that most emulsifier solutions water-wet the beaker wall and temporarily improve heavy-oil flow characteristics. However, most of the chemicals also water-wet the sand particles and cause sand dropout. The Flothin F2 chemical alone showed stable oil dispersion and, in combination with the Flocon 4800C polymer, showed very good sand-retention, viscosity-reduction, and stable oil-dispersion characteristics.