冲击钻机造孔穿越深复杂地层振冲工艺

受机械性能限制,振冲器无法穿过深厚漂卵砾石地层,对此类地基无法用振冲技术进行 处理。采用冲击钻机造孔后引孔振冲工艺克服了振冲器局限性,成功地进行了多个水电站的基础 处理,实现了振冲技术在深厚漂砂卵石复杂地层中应用,拓展了振冲技术的应用范围,实现了新 的突破。     

花岗岩地区病险水库工程地质问题及处理措施

花岗岩地区病险水库的险情主要为坝基渗漏,高水位运行期坝脚易发生管涌而限制水库效益的发挥。以某病险水库为例,分析总结了花岗岩地区以风化料作为坝体填料的主要地质问题;对坝基花岗岩深厚的风化壳、差异风化以及河床冲洪积砂砾卵石层等主要工程地质问题进行了评价;针对主坝、副坝及溢洪道的防渗加固,提出了相应的工程措施。对其他典型花岗岩地区的病险水库工程勘察有一定参考价值。     

APPLICATION OF TIME-VARYING VISCOUS GROUT IN GRAVEL- FOUNDATION ANTI-SEEPAGE TREATMENT

The time-varying viscosity of common grout and the controllable grout are measured with a rotation viscometer in experiments.The time-varying viscosity of grout is analyzed according to the characteristics in the process of anti-seepage treatment for gravel foundation.The principle of effective stress for porous medium is applied to analyzes the fluid-structure coupling in grouting.In the consideration of coupling physical variables,dynamic models of porosity,permeability and viscosity are constructed.The diffusion radius can thus be defined by the foundational porosity.The distribution of holes in field experiments is designed according to the diffusion radius of grout.Then,the permeability test is designed to verify the grout effect.The calculated diffusion radius coincides with experimental results,and the permeability meets the requirements of the project,which is valuable for the anti-seepage treatment in gravel foundation.     

砂砾石灌浆在虎头咀泵站围堰防渗中的应用

文章阐述了靖远电厂二期虎头咀泵站围堰防渗工程地质条件、技术参数、过程控制等,通过防渗效果分析,认为围堰防渗中达到了预期目的,表明砂砾石灌浆技术在靖远电厂二期虎头咀泵站围堰防渗工程应用取得了成功,可在类似工程中推广应用.     

Large wood aids spawning Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in marginal habitat on a regulated river in California

To determine whether large wood (LW, ≥1‐m length, ≥10‐cm diameter) plays a role in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd (i.e. egg nest) placements in a regulated, Mediterranean‐climate, medium‐sized river (where channel width is less than the upper quartile of length of potential instream wood pieces), characteristics of 527 large wood pieces, locations of 650 redds, and mesohabitat delineations (riffle, run, glide, pool) were collected during a spawning season along a 7.7 km reach directly below Camanche Dam on the Mokelumne River, CA. LW was regularly distributed across the study reach an average 70 LW pieces km^‐1. Some LW clustering was evident at islands and meander bends. Spawners built 85% of redds within one average channel width (31 m) of LW. Spawners utilized LW within a 10 m radius 36% of the time in the upper 3 km rehabilitated reach, and 44% of the time in the lower 4.7 km marginal habitat reach. A greater percentage of LW was utilized in riffles in the upper 3 km reach where 90% of redds were built, while a larger percentage of spawners used LW in riffles in the lower 4.7 km reach. LW‐redd interactions occurred at greater rates than by random chance alone in the lower 4.7 km reach, which implies that LW aids spawning in marginal habitats. River managers and salmonid spawning habitat rehabilitation (SHR) projects should take LW additions into consideration as an important component of river rehabilitation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geomorphic comparison of two Atlantic coastal rivers: Toward an understanding of physical controls on Atlantic salmon habitat

River channel substrate size and mobility are important to Atlantic salmon spawning and rearing success. We compare morphology and bed sediment between two North American Atlantic coastal streams (Narraguagus River, Maine, USA and Jacquet River, New Brunswick, Canada). The watersheds have similar drainage areas and mean annual precipitation, but differing relief structure, channel longitudinal profiles and numbers of returning salmon. The lower‐relief Narraguagus River is segmented into steeper (gradient >0.002) and flatter reaches (gradient <0.0005). Flat reaches, including mainstem lakes, act as sediment sinks, preventing the continuity of downstream sediment transport. Based on field measurements, the Narraguagus River has a larger high‐flow width to depth ratio than the Jacquet River, but this difference is principally the result of outliers from low‐gradient channel reaches. Measurements of substrate grain size reveal finer river‐bed sediments on the Narraguagus River, however, Shields parameter calculations indicate that bed sediment should be mobile during high flows in both streams. We use the Shields equation to predict grain size based on channel slope, width and drainage area measured from digital elevation models (DEM) and aerial photographs. Predictions of median grain size agree with field measurements within a factor of 2 for 62–70% of the survey stations. We suggest ways that model misfits may provide opportunities to prioritize reach‐based restoration efforts. Based on expected grain size, we estimate 62% spawning and 68% rearing habitat along the length of the Narraguagus River, and 28 and 95% respectively on the Jacquet. Overall, glacial history and relief structure appear to be the first‐order controls on substrate grain size and habitat quality in these two rivers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胶凝砂砾石坝筑坝材料耐久性能研究及新型防护材料的研发

针对胶凝砂砾石坝体材料和新型保护层材料抗渗和抗冻性能展开了试验研究,其中抗冻测试中引入气冻和冰冻两种测试手段以表征胶凝砂砾石抵抗冻融和温度循环的能力.结果表明,未掺加外加剂的胶凝砂砾石180d龄期抗渗可达到W8,90d龄期抗冰冻不足25次冻融循环,气冻350次温度循环后相对动弹性模量仍约65%,抗气冻可到600次以上温度循环.掺加外加剂的胶凝砂砾石相应龄期的抗渗为W12,抗冰冻达75次冻融循环,气冻350次温度循环后相对动弹性模量仍有80%以上.因此建议胶凝砂砾石中采用外加剂,并以长龄期180d为设计龄期.新型保护层材料的研发试验表明,变态胶凝砂砾石、富浆胶凝砂砾石均具有良好的防渗(抗渗等级W10以上)和抗冻能力(F300次冻融循环),可作为胶凝砂砾石坝上、下游防渗抗冻保护层材料.     

强震区砂砾石筑坝技术进展

现代工程技术的长足发展,让我国西部强震区建设高混凝土面板和沥青心墙砂砾石坝成为可能。在分析国内外砂砾石坝的基础上,对砂砾石筑坝的工程特性、填筑标准与材料分区进行了研究,提出了解决其抗震稳定性的措施,包括合理的坝体材料分区设计、加强坝体抗震措施和施工技术进步等。     

微粘结级配碎石基层沥青路面结构分析

目的 找寻适应重、中交通等级的合理的微粘结级配碎石基层沥青路面结构.方法 拟定微粘结级配碎石沥青路面结构,利用有限元软件计算各结构参数变化对弯沉、沥青层底拉应力等设计指标的影响,给出适应重、中等级交通量的合理路面结构.结果 在重、中交通荷载作用下,推荐级配碎石上基层沥青路面级配碎石层厚度为12～20 cm,面层厚度为5～10 cm,半刚性基层厚度为15～ 20 cm.结论 在重、中交通荷载作用下,提高微粘结级配碎石模量,能很好地改善路面结构受力,合理的微粘结级配碎石基层能够在防治反射裂缝同时,较好地满足交通荷载需求.