Application of Nano Surfactant Modified Biosorbent as an Efficient Adsorbent for Dye Removal

In the current study, sorption of methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solutions, using sawdust modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS/SD) has been investigated. Sorption experiments were performed using batch and fixed-bed column systems. The effects of important parameters, such as pH, initial dye concentration, flow rate, and bed depth on the sorption of MB dye have been studied. Thomas and the bed-depth service time model (BDST) were applied for analysis of sorption data and estimating of sorption capacity. In order to drive adsorption isotherms, sorption experiments were conducted in batch mode and the treatment of the obtained data were carried out using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Based on the breakthrough analysis obtained from continuous sorption experiments, the highest column capacity of 129.68 mg g^?1 was obtained for the SDS/SD adsorbent. The results of this study indicated that surfactant-modified sawdust is much more effective for basic MB dye removal compared to untreated sawdust (SD) and the exhausted SDS/SD column can be easily regenerated using dilute HCl solution with high performance (>95%). The results of this study also indicated the successful applicability of the introduced adsorbent as a very efficient and cost effective adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye molecules from aqueous wastes.     

印染污泥与木屑混燃特性及动力学

采用综合热重分析法,在不同升温速率及印染污泥与木屑不同比例混合条件下,对印染污泥、木屑及其混合物的燃烧特性进行了研究.结果表明,印染污泥的热重曲线存在4个明显的失重峰,分别与水分的析出、两个挥发分的析出以及固定碳的燃烧阶段相对应.混合试样燃烧过程中,污泥和木屑基本保持各自的挥发分析出特性,其燃烧曲线位于污泥和木屑燃烧曲线之间,且混合试样微熵热重曲线的变化趋势与组成比例较大的成分DTG曲线变化趋势较为接近.污泥与木屑混合后其综合燃烧特性指数SN有所增大,说明挥发分含量越高对应的燃烧特性越好;采用积分法(Coats-Redfern方程)计算得到各阶段燃烧反应的机理方程及相应的活化能参数,分析表明单一印染污泥燃烧的活化能较低,活化能的大小与试样的燃烧阶段是相对应的.     

凹凸棒石基碳复合陶粒的制备和特性研究

考察了物料配比和煅烧工艺对以凹凸棒石粘土、锯末(造孔剂)和水玻璃(粘结剂)为原料,在氮气保护气氛下煅烧制备凹凸棒石基碳复合陶粒性能的影响,利用复合陶粒的抗压强度、显气孔率优化材料配比和煅烧工艺,并通过XRD、SEM表征复合陶粒特性。结果表明凹凸棒石粘土、锯末、水玻璃的最佳质量配比为68∶20∶12,在最佳煅烧条件下(700℃),可以制备出满足国家标准的水处理用陶粒,浸泡实验表明凹凸棒石基碳复合陶粒具有优异的耐水性能;该材料有利于微生物的附着。     

Cationized sawdust as ion exchanger for anionic residual dyes

Using the same procedure as recently described for cotton fiber, the preparation of cationized wood sawdust was performed by treating alkali sawdust with epoxy propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) in a nonaqueous medium (dimethylformamide, DMF). The fixation of ammonium groups onto sawdust was monitored by weight uptake, nitrogen content determination, and infrared spectroscopy. EPTMAC-sawdust with a 0.5 wt % nitrogen content is then used as adsorbent for acid dyes (Acid Blue 25, Acid Yellow 99, Reactive Yellow 23, and Acid Blue 74). The adsorption capacity, determined by spectrometric measurement of the residual dye in the treated solution, decreases with increasing temperature. The modeling of the adsorption isotherms using Langmuir, Freundlich, and General relations allows the determination of isotherm constants. Globally, EPTMAC-sawdust has a behavior similar to EPTMAC-cotton, and its use for depollution of waste waters from dyeing industries presents advantages over cotton, such as a larger availability and a lower price. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 31–37, 2001     

Effect of wood sawdust content on rheological and structural changes,and thermo‐mechanical properties of PVC/sawdust composites

The use of untreated sawdust as a filler in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was examined—the effects of sawdust content on structural and thermal changes, and rheological and mechanical properties being of main interest. The results revealed that the torque and die entrance pressure drop values during mixing were independent of sawdust particles up to 23.1 wt%. The extrudate swell monotonically decreased up to 33.3 wt% sawdust content. Smooth wood‐like texture with controllable size of the extrudate could be obtained at a sawdust content greater than 33.3 wt%. Tensile, impact, flexural and hardness properties of the PVC/sawdust composites considerably decreased with up to 16.7 wt% sawdust content before leveling off for higher sawdust loadings. The composites having sawdust higher than 16.7 wt% showed a benefit of cost savings. The decreases in the mechanical properties of PVC with sawdust are explained in association with the presence of moisture, interfacial defects between fibre and polymer, and fibre dispersions in the PVC matrix. Thermal degradations of PVC in PVC/sawdust composites were evidenced by a decrease in decomposition temperature and an increase in polyene sequences, which were caused by Cl cleavage due to strong hydrogen bonds of fibre–PVC molecules. The maximum of tanδ transition and the glass transition temperature were found to improve with sawdust content as a result of re‐formation of hydrogen bonds between the macromolecules of the fibre and the polymer. The overall results in this work suggest that the properties of PVC/sawdust composites were strongly influenced by sawdust content up to 16.7 wt%. Beyond this value the effect of sawdust content on the properties was comparatively small. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

温度和催化剂对木屑炭二氧化碳气化的影响（英文）

通过热重分析仪和管式反应炉研究了温度和催化剂对木屑炭二氧化碳气化的影响。结果表明,提高反应温度有利于加快气化反应速率,增加CO产率及产气热值,同时有助于降低CO2及固体剩余物的含量,温度从850℃升至1 000℃,燃气中CO含量从28.86%增加到54.45%,热值从4.50 MJ/m3增加到7.95 MJ/m3,而CO2含量从64.34%减少到36.54%;2 g木屑炭气化后,固体产物从1.32 g减少到0.79 g。研究发现,催化剂CaCO3和K2CO3对木屑炭二氧化碳气化有促进作用,其作用效果与升温相同,K2CO3对气化反应的促进作用明显强于CaCO3。利用混合反应模型对添加催化剂前后的木屑炭二氧化碳气化动力学进行了研究,发现该模型适用于木屑炭二氧化碳气化反应,而且催化剂的添加有利于降低反应活化能和指前因子,木屑炭、添加CaCO3的木屑炭和添加K2CO3的木屑炭的活化能分别是94.509、81.740和50.271 kJ/mol;指前因子分别是1 208.428、428.825和19.965 min-1。     

氧含量对热解废轮胎产物影响研究

以含氧木屑为探针材料,同废轮胎以不同比例共热解以准确控制其氧含量,考察氧含量对热解废轮胎得到的气、液、固三相产物的影响及多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的影响。采用热重分析仪(TG)、元素分析仪(EA)以及气相色谱仪(GC)分别对它们热行为、热解油中氧含量及PAHs的变化规律进行了观察。TG分析表明,木屑中氧含量对废轮胎热解最大失重速率发生的温度产生了推后的影响。在木屑∶废轮胎质量为2∶1时,温度滞后3.7℃。EA分析表明,热解油中氧含量越高,氢含量较加权值越低,碳含量基本不变。GC分析表明,适量木屑所含的氧能够有效抑制PAHs的生成;对三相产物影响表明,氧含量越高,液体产率较加权值越小,气体产率较加权值越大,固体产率较加权值有所降低但与氧含量多少关联不明显。通过木屑和废轮胎共热解过程氧含量对热解产物影响的分析,为科学利用生物质、合理处置废轮胎提供科学帮助。     

Leaching patterns from wood of different tree species and environmental implications related to wood storage areas

Batch tests were carried out with sawdust obtained from oak (Quercus robur), maple (Acer platanoides), pine (Pinus sylvestris), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and wood chips from oak and pine. Leaching of organic compounds expressed as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in mg/kg of dry mass took place during the first 24 h. The following additional variables were analysed: pH, conductivity, colour, phenols, tannins and lignin, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₇). When leachates obtained with oak wood chips and pine wood chips were compared, no significant difference was observed. However, in batch tests with sawdust, DOC released by oak (90 000 mg/kg) was significantly higher (P = 0.0001) than DOC released by pine (30 000 mg/kg). The results suggest that particle size is not the only variable affecting the leaching of organic compounds from wood. Regarding BOD, colour [platinum‐cobalt (Pt‐Co)], phenols, tannins and lignin, the leaching patterns differed among species, and oak was the species with the highest released values.     

高温稀酸条件下木屑降解动力学研究

在高温稀酸条件下,对木屑降解的动力学进行了研究.分别考察了温度(190、210、230℃)、硫酸质量浓度(1%、3%、5%)和反应时间(0～60min)对糖浓度和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)浓度的影响.通过假设提出了拟均相一阶动力学模型,并对动力学数据进行回归,结果表明模型能较好地描述木屑水解的动力学过程.进一步得到了生物质降解,糖降解和5-HMF降解的活化能和动力学参数,这些参数对理解木屑在高温稀酸条件下的水解过程提供了重要的信息.