A two-pronged strategy to modulate the porosity of porous carbons for capacitors: The relative effects of the texture and fuel properties of carbonaceous matter

Based on the search for a novel method to modulate the texture properties of porous carbon, it is essential to demonstrate the relative influence of texture and fuel properties (i.e., the general term of volatile, fixed carbon, ash, elements, and calorific value) of carbonaceous matter. Herein, H₃PO₄ activation was applied to fabricate pine sawdust-derived porous carbons (PC-T; T can be 450, 500, 550, and 600) with various fuel and texture properties. Afterward, the pore architectures recorded for PC-T were adjusted using the CO₂ activation procedure; that is, PC-T-derived porous carbons (PC-TC) were obtained. PC-TC showed a significant increase in texture properties (e.g., specific surface area and total pore volume) and specific capacitance compared to PC-T. In the three-electrode configuration, PC-550C achieved high specific capacitance values (e.g., 230.78 F/g at 0.5 A/g). The assembled PC-550C-based symmetrical supercapacitor achieved an impressive specific capacitance of 172.12 F/g upon 0.5 A/g. Interestingly, it equally delivered high energy density (23.91 Wh kg⁻¹) and power density (47.30 kW kg⁻¹), respectively. Further, the specific surface area of the PC-TC samples depends not only on the fuel properties of the PC-T samples but also on the texture properties of the PC-T samples. Superior fabricability and variable texture properties enable the two-pronged strategy (i.e., sequential H₃PO₄–CO₂ activation) for producing bulk senior and multi-level porous carbons.     

天然气与木粉共燃过程NOx生成特性的分析

建立了天然气射流燃烧模型，计算了炉内速度、浓度、温度场的分布，计算了天然气单独燃烧及与木粉共燃时热力型和快速型NO生成速率，分析了天然气与木粉共燃抑制NO生成的原因。     

THE DRYING OF SMALL WOOD PARTICLES

Small particles of Douglas fir of characteristic size 0.2 to 1cm have been dried by flowing the wood particles in vitiated air in a long vertical tube. Drying rate, dM/dt, was determined by measuring the increasing humidity of the transporting gas flow, and by measuring the absolute velocity of the particles by a radioactive isotope tagging method. Sawdusts of three sizes and flakes were examined. Moisture content (dry basis) was varied from approximately 2 to 125%. Most of the results were obtained for gas temperatures between 350 and 550 K.

Upon injection into the flowing hot gases, the wood particles initially dried rapidly as they encountered high relative temperature and velocity, and released their surface moisture. Following· this transient regime, the particles dried more gradually accord-     

木屑固定化白腐真菌降解焦化废水中酚类化合物的研究

以木屑为载体固定化白腐真菌对焦化废水进行处理,其酚类化合物的去除率明显高于白腐真菌菌丝和木屑的混合物.研究表明,白腐真菌对含酚250 mg·L-1以下的焦化废水处理效果较好,酚类化合物的去除率可达76.87%.固定化的白腐真菌降解高浓度酚类化合物的适宜pH值为5.5～7.0,最佳pH值为6.5;适宜温度为25～35℃,最佳温度为30℃.     

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution with Modified Bentonite

Bentonite combined with sawdust and other metallic compounds was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions in this study. The adsorption characteristics of phosphate on the modified bentonite were investigated, including the effects of temperature, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of phosphate and pH on removal of phosphate by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. The results showed that 98% removal rate of phosphate was obtained since sawdust and bentonite used in this investigation were abundantly and locally available. It is concluded that modified bentonite is a relatively efficient, low cost and easily available adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions.     

木屑混合粘土动强度试验研究

对木屑混合粘土的动三轴试验进行了研究,通过最大动剪切模量以及动强度曲线两个指标,分析了结构性和木屑含量对软粘土动强度特性的影响,试验结果表明:软粘土的结构性可以明显影响粘土的抗剪强度,木屑含量对软粘土动强度的影响呈现出两面性。     

Removal of textile basic dye from aqueous solutions using sawdust as bio‐adsorbent

The ability of low cost bio‐adsorbent sawdust to remove basic dye (methylene blue) from aqueous solution is investigated using it in two different forms: in raw form and in chemically treated (with sulphuric acid) form. The effect of contact time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and the kinetics of adsorption were studied in batch experiments. At neutral pH and 4?gm/l of chemically activated and raw sawdust adsorbents, removal of 98.12% and 97.18% of methylene blue dye (at 100?mg/l concentration) from the aqueous solution, was the best result obtained during study. An average percentage removal difference of less than 5%, between two adsorbents was achieved under different conditions in the experiments. The data fit well in Freundlich isotherm.     

生物质连续炭化工艺研究

利用自制螺旋炭化机,以生物质锯末为原料,采用连续炭化的生产工艺,分别研究了锯末炭化的停留时间和炭化温度,测试了不同炭化条件获得的炭粉样品组成和形貌.结果表明,在炭化温度达到450℃,停留时间20min以上的条件下,炭粉质量可以达到国标要求(GB/T 17664-1999).通过实验研究,优化了连续螺旋炭化的工艺参数和设备结构,为-亡业化设计提供了依据.     

典型农林废弃物处理含铬废水的研究进展

介绍了花生壳、木屑、柚子皮、玉米秸秆及玉米芯等5种典型农林废弃物在处理含铬废水中的应用和处理效果,并展望了其应用前景。     

落叶松木屑利用的研究进展

对落叶松木屑中主要的化合物的理化性质、应用、提取工艺,检测方法进行了分析总结,展示了落叶松木屑近年来在国内外的研究进展,并对今后研究方法的应用方向进行了展望。