温家山隧道施工爆破设计

根据石头河水库防洪抢险道路温家山隧道围岩(f=6)较为破碎、裂隙发育等特性,通过分析计算确定了光爆参数、炮眼布置和炸药量的控制等,提出了较合理的全断面掘进光面爆破设计,可供同类工程参考。     

Predictive control of an experimental wind turbine using preview wind speed measurements

The development of a more reliable method of measuring the wind field upstream of a turbine (light detection and ranging) has enabled the implementation of feedforward‐related control strategies to enhance the control performance of wind turbines. By incorporating wind speed measurements, the controller is able to anticipate upon future events and thereby improve structural load mitigation and power regulation of the wind turbine. This work aims to experimentally verify the benefits of using predictive and feedforward‐based control strategies over industry standard control solutions. To achieve this, both a feedforward and a model predictive control strategy are presented, which have been validated on an experimental wind turbine in a wind tunnel. Both the model predictive controller and feedforward algorithm have shown superior performance over a baseline controller in terms of rotor speed regulation under wind speed disturbances. The experiment confirmed that a phase advantage in the control input of the predictive controller led to this performance increase. It has also been found that knowledge of just the current wind speed can already significantly increase the control performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国北方火炕烟囱中回风洞的数值模拟与分析

火炕采暖在我国北方农村地区非常普遍,为了取得更好的采暖效果,在原有火炕的基础上,以我国北方农村地区火炕中的回风洞(俗称“狗洞”)为研究对象,通过三组实验对烟囱进口处高温烟气的温度和速度进行了测定,依据流体运动中的三大守恒定律,分别建立了三组实验中烟囱内高温烟气流动的平面二维数学模型,利用FLUENT软件对烟囱内烟气的流动状态进行数值模拟,分析了烟囱进口烟气的运动趋势以及回风洞的有无对反风时火炕采暖系统的影响,最后得出结论是回风洞能有效地减弱外界风流的反向作用,阻止了突然自然反风而造成的烟气回流,甚至是火苗外窜的安全隐患。     

高地温隧洞喷混凝土—围岩粘结强度及微观破坏机理

针对深埋隧洞的高地温问题,利用温湿度试验控制系统模拟高地温隧洞内的湿热环境,通过钻芯拉拔法和扫描电镜测定高湿(湿度80%~85%)和低湿(湿度20%~25%)两种环境下在温度分别为50、60、75、90℃时围岩支护结构的粘结强度和粘结面的微观结构。研究结果表明,湿度对粘结强度的影响较大,相比于低湿环境,高湿环境下的围岩支护结构的粘结强度较大,且随着温度升高和湿度越低喷混凝土水化反应中止速度越快、混凝土干缩现象越严重、粘结强度越低,相较50℃,90℃时强度降幅最大为62.7%。研究结果可为湿热环境下实际工程建设提供指导。     

基于遗传算法的深埋隧洞外水压力反分析

外水压力是富水区深埋隧洞衬砌结构承受的主要荷载,其取值的准确性直接关系到隧洞设计与施工的安全,根据西南某工程的钢筋应力等监测数据,基于遗传算法,利用FORTRAN语言对通用有限元软件ABAQUS进行了二次开发,编写了遗传算法及其与ABAQUS的接口程序,对引水隧洞衬砌结构承受的外水压力进行了反演分析,得到了外水压力取值,并与实际地勘资料提供的数据进行比较。结果表明,实测值与反演值相近,且均小于正演值,安全性能够得到保证,说明原有计算模型的外水压力初值具有一定的合理性。可见遗传算法用于隧洞的外水压力反演是可行的。     

某隧道围岩参数反演分析及实时施工应用

以某隧道监测到的隧道围岩位移变形数据为依据,选取围岩岩体的弹性模量E与初始地应力侧压力系数K作为反演参数,采用黄金分割法和FLAC3D数值模拟对隧道洞口浅埋段及洞身段围岩进行位移反分析优化计算。在此基础上将反分析得到的围岩力学参数应用于掌子面前方围岩变形的数值模拟计算,将其结果与隧道施工中监控量测结果进行对比,验证了位移反分析在隧道施工中实时应用的可行性,并将拱顶沉降量的预测结果用于设定围岩开挖的预留变形量,通过控制超挖量,减少喷射混凝土用量,节约工程成本。     

Flight and landing behavior ofTrypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in response to different semiochemicals

The responses of the striped ambrosia beetle,Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to modified drainpipe traps baited with the host attractant ethanol, the aggregation pheromone lineatin, both alone and in combination, were studied in a wind tunnel. Exposure of males to ethanol increased their frequency of steady, upwind flight; however, only lineatin was effective in inducing them to land on and enter the traps. In contrast, exposure of females to either ethanol or lineatin alone resulted in an increased frequency of trap landing and entry. Both compounds released simultaneously did not significantly increase the frequency of trap landing and entry for either sex. These responses are consistent with the life history strategies used by both sexes to seek and colonize suitable host material.     

东津水电站引水隧洞进口不良地质段施工

东津水电站引水隧洞进口段工程地质条件恶劣，施工干扰大，渡汛工期紧。采用喷锚支护洞脸边坡，洞口明挖３ｍ浇筑钢筋混凝土明拱和Ｌ形护坡墙；洞身段采用新奥法施工，先打通上导洞；进口４０ｍ分段开挖，分段衬砌；进水塔压板混凝土模板采用门字框架钢支撑；排除了施工干扰，防止了洞口滑塌，进口段塌方的恶性事故发生，保证了引水隧洞工程的顺利施工。     

山西引黄工程南干线7# 隧洞衬砌外水压力研究

本文采用综合修正系数取代规范建议的单一折减系数,用渗流场分析方法确定作用在引黄入晋南干线7#隧洞衬砌上的外水压力。由己知钻孔水位及泉水位反演出各地层的渗透张量及地表入渗强度求得初始渗流场。衬砌外水压力分析中考虑了衬砌混凝土的渗透性以及排水、灌浆等工程措施的影响。根据分析结果,提出了系统排水孔布置的建议,得出了在相应的排水减压措施下衬砌厚度由原设计35cm减至25cm,这一建议已被采用,取得了巨大经济效益。     

复合地层中盾构刀具磨损超前控制研究

通过分析国内土压平衡式盾构隧道典型工程案例,对上软下硬地层近年来的施工问题和采取的主要措施统计分析,总结出土压平衡盾构在上软下硬地层中施工关键问题及其规律.结合地层特性,针对滚刀磨损问题,提出评估上软下硬地层分布情况及盾构施工地质适应性问题的方法;同时,对盾构机掘进过程中的盾构推力、刀盘扭矩、贯入度变化监测统计,通过比...