黄河内蒙古河段冲淤量评估

通过实测断面资料、来沙量资料和同流量水位的变化等,对黄河内蒙古河段的冲淤量分别进行了估算,其结果基本一致。综合分析表明,1986-2004年内蒙古三盛公—头道拐河段年均淤积量为0.616亿t是基本可靠的,而主槽的淤积量占全断面的80%以上。总体看,这一数值可以反映1986年龙羊峡水库运用以来内蒙古河道的淤积情况。     

大同市区供水水源区地下水动态分析

文中采用大同市区供水区域1984—2000年的地下水观测资料，对城北、城西、城南供水水源区地下水的动态变化、影响因素及降落漏斗的形成与发展进行了分析，揭示了各水源区地下水位年际、年内的变化规律及动态变化特点。     

新型地锚扶壁式泥石流格栅坝基础冲刷计算方法研究

泥石流格栅坝工程安全稳定的关键是基础,相比外露结构的计算,基础遭冲刷掏空的问题更值得引起重视。在提出新型地锚扶壁式泥石流格栅坝的基础上,将格栅坝基础冲刷分为初期和中后期两个阶段,初期冲刷主要以坡面冲刷为主,中后期冲刷主要考虑冲坑的变化发展。基于能量法,推导了格栅坝基础冲刷深度的计算公式,通过算例分析了不同流深下的冲刷深度,并与其它公式的计算结果做了对比。结果表明:推导公式计算的冲刷深度比其它公式计算的结果都大,初期冲刷的影响在设计中应当予以重视。     

泄洪闸闸后防冲设计

针对新疆山溪性多沙河流的水沙特点,提出了建在多沙河流卵砾石河床上的低水头引水枢纽,泄洪闸闸后应适当消能的观点,即应避免因闸后局部消能过大而影响下游河道沿程冲刷。并通过水工模型试验研究成果的分析,探讨了建在多沙河流卵砾石河床上的低水头引水枢纽闸后防冲设计的指导原则。采取适当的消能防冲方式适当消能,使得经枢纽下泄的洪水既能将由河道洪水带来的推移质泥沙挟带过闸并避免闸后下游出现沿程淤积;又能避免枢纽泄水建筑物闸后出现较大的局部冲刷以至于危害枢纽安全。     

反射式高倍聚光光伏“光漏斗”匀光技术理论与实验研究

在聚光器和接收器之间加入“光漏斗”匀光器来实现砷化镓(GaAs)电池表面能流密度的均匀分布。根据蒙特卡洛射线法和照射在接收器表面能流密度相同的原理,设计“光漏斗”匀光器。聚光器开口半径为1600 mm,焦距为1700 mm,Tracepro仿真结果显示接收器表面能流密度的均匀度为98.51%,实验显示均匀度为95.05%,仿真值与实验值相近。根据GaAs电池输出电量最大化来确定电池芯片的布置范围,仿真结果得到在半径为36 mm内布置电池芯片,与实验值39 mm相近。     

The modified outflow funnel — A device to assess the flow characteristics of powders

Flow regulators are added to solid pharmaceutical formulations to improve the flow properties of powder mixtures. During the blending process the glidants adsorb successively at the surface of the host particles and thus lead to a reduction of attractive forces. A large variety of flow additives based on silicon dioxide is commercially available, but not all glidants are just as well suited for each technological problem or each cohesive bulk powder. To assess the improvement of the flowability parameters caused by a glidant a classification system and an adequate measuring device is needed. We would like to present a new measuring device to evaluate the flow enhancing potency of glidants. The modified outflow funnel features a stirrer that acts in the region of bulk arches obstructing the outflow process of a cohesive powder. By destruction of the bulk arches powder outflow is enabled and the time needed for emanation can be measured as a parameter of the flow properties. In addition other measuring parameters like the force needed to destroy the bulk arches are capable to evaluate the flowability of the powder mixture. Binary powder mixtures consisting of corn starch and flow regulator were blended in a Turbula® mixer for a defined period of time. The flow regulators were represented by fumed silica and a selection of various types of SIPERNAT^® precipitated silica provided by Evonik Degussa GmbH, Hanau, Germany. Flowability parameters of the mixtures were characterized with a modified outflow funnel, Hausner Ratio and a shear tester.     

Flow measurement around scoured bridge piers using Acoustic-Doppler Velocimeter (ADV)

Recently flow investigation around cylindrical obstacles has attracted much attention considering its application to river and offshore environment. Scour around obstacles is the major cause of their foundation failure. This failure occurs in extreme cases of unsteady flows interacting with a given structure and with changing bed condition. In order to reduce the tremendous amount of expenses involved in either over-designing those foundations or rebuilding damaged structures, precise flow measurement instrument is essential. In the present study, the Acoustic-Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) has been utilized in the laboratory to investigate the flow characteristics around cylindrical piers on a scoured bed under various wave-current combinations. Some of these results are reported in this paper and the suitability of the ADV in this field is explained.     

长江口典型丁坝坝头冲深计算模式选择与验证

根据长江口的水文泥沙特性和丁坝的特征 .探讨了适合于长江口典型丁坝坝头最大冲深计算的模式 ,为丁坝坝头冲刷坑深度计算和判断冲刷坑的稳定性提供依据 .并给出了适合于长江口典型丁坝坝头床沙起冲流速的估算式 .     

三峡工程初期蓄水回水变动区涪陵河段泥沙模型试验研究

三峡工程初期蓄水运用阶段，涪陵河段处于回水变动区，该河段较之重庆河段，受水库壅水影响早，水位抬升高，泥沙淤积对航运设施的影响早。通过全沙模型试验研究，揭示了该河段的水流泥沙运动特性和河床冲淤规律，及其对船舶安全航行和靠泊的影响。     

泥沙冲淤模型在汾河流域上游的应用

文中通过对张启舜等人开发研制的“河流与水库冲淤计算模型”在汾河流域上游的应用，确定出不同水平年各调节水库的库容及纵向淤积形态，为汾河水库坝前取水口进水塔设计提供了依据。