Vibrodiagnostic parameters of fatigue damage in rectangular plates. Part 3. Through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical cracks

The paper addresses the analytical determination of vibrodiagnostic parameters that describe the presence of normal-rupture flat through-the-thickness and surface semi-elliptical central cracks in a rectangular homogeneous plate of constant thickness for various plate fixing conditions and vibration modes. It is shown that the most sensitive vibrodiagnostic damage parameter of a plate is the variation of the logarithmic decrement in the case of a through-the thickness crack and the second-harmonic ratio of the vibration process in superharmonic resonance in the case of a surface crack. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 27–47, September–October, 2006.     

A Computational Damage Micromodel of Laminated Composites

A new computational damage micromodel for laminates, which takes into account classical experimental micro- and macro-observations for various stacking sequences, is described. The first computational examples are shown.     

Material surface layer damage estimation for cyclic loading conditions using the nanoindenting and nanoscratching techniques

The nanoindenting method is based on the automatic measurement and recording of the force acting on the indenter (10⁻²-5 N) and the depth of indentation (10⁻²-200 μm). The scratch hardness or nanoscratching method is based on the continuous recording of resistance forces to movement of the indenter impressed into the surface. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 4, pp. 132–139, July–August, 2006.     

Quantitative characterization of nanoprecipitates in irradiated low-alloy steels: advances in the application of FEG-STEM quantitative microanalysis to real materials

The characterization of the solute-enriched features (clusters or nanoprecipitates in irradiated low-alloy steels) requires extremely high spatial and elemental resolution, previously necessitating analysis using atom probe field-ion microscopy. In this investigation, field-emission gun-scanning transmission electron microscope (FEG-STEM) quantitative energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis (spectrum imaging) has been applied to the characterization of the irradiation-induced nanoprecipitates in a low-alloy forging steel. Refinements in the EDX data have been possible via the application of multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) to the spectrum images, resulting in significantly reduced noise in the images. Most importantly, MSA permitted the clear identification of other elements in these Ni-enriched nanoprecipitates—including Mn and Cu. The processed X-ray spectrum images also provided direct evidence of the preferential formation of these irradiation-induced features along pre-existing dislocations within the steel, as well as the formation of intragranular nanoprecipitates. This research has provided the first direct X-ray spectrum images of irradiation-induced nanoprecipitates in high Ni A508 Gr4N forging steel, and has demonstrated the significant improvements attainable though the application of MSA techniques to the spectrum images. These results independently confirmed the analyses of the Ni-enriched nanoprecipitates previously conducted by 3D-APFIM, with the performance of the FEG-STEM/EDX technique shown to be comparable to that of the 3D-APFIM technique.     

A weight function-critical plane approach for low-cycle fatigue under variable amplitude multiaxial loading

Low‐cycle fatigue data of type 304 stainless steel obtained under axial‐torsional loading of variable amplitudes are analyzed using four multiaxial fatigue parameters: SWT, KBM, FS and LKN. Rainflow cycle counting and Morrow's plastic work interaction rule are used to calculate fatigue damage. The performance of a fatigue model is dependent on the fatigue parameter, the critical plane and the damage accumulation rule employed in the model. The conservatism and non‐conservatism of predicted lives are examined for some combinations of these variables. A new critical plane called the weight function‐critical plane is introduced for variable amplitude loading. This approach is found to improve the KBM‐based life predictions.     

Residual strength prediction of multiple cracked stiffened panels

Prediction of the coalescence of adjacent cracks is critical for residual strength estimation of structures under multiple site damage conditions. A methodology successfully developed for the case of crack link‐up prediction of un‐stiffened plates, is extended for the case of typical cracked stiffened aircraft panels. The proposed link‐up criterion is based on the change in the magnitudes of elastic and plastic strain energies of the stiffened panel, before and after the cracks coalesce. The strain energy magnitudes of interest are calculated using non‐linear elastic–plastic finite‐element analysis. For the application and verification of the method, experimental results from the open literature are used. Residual strength values calculated by the proposed methodology are in good agreement with the experimental results. The present criterion provides superior results when compared to the existing and commonly applied link‐up criteria.     

30Cr1Mo1V钢高温低周疲劳中的软化特性

软化是高温长期运行部件的主要特征,软化意味着材料性能的降低。为了探讨软化对材料低周疲劳特性的影响,对30Cr1Mo1V转子钢进行了应变控制中断低周疲劳试验。试验温度为540℃和565℃,应变幅为0.2%～1.0%,采用拉压对称三角波。基于试验结果,建立了疲劳损伤与低周疲劳寿命之间的关系。通过对试验试样的维氏硬度进行检测,得到了带有硬度修正的低周疲劳应变-寿命修正公式,并对修正公式的有效性进行了检验。结果表明,硬度修正公式在循环寿命小于0.5倍寿命分数时有效,而在循环寿命大于0.5倍时,则存在高估剩余寿命的危险。在同一硬度下,对不同温度和应变,损伤是不同的,应变越小,损伤越大;温度越高,损伤越小。     

混凝土破坏的断裂与损伤耦合分析

目的 应用断裂力学与损伤力学耦合分析方法分析混凝土破坏的问题．方法 以三点弯曲混凝土梁为例，应用断裂力学与损伤力学耦合分析方法从理论上确定初始损伤区与断裂区，然后用损伤力学的方法、数值模拟混凝土梁的破坏过程．结果 确定了三点弯曲混凝土梁的损伤区和断裂区尺寸，应用西多霍夫损伤模型和断裂力学的耦合分析方法数值模拟了混凝土三点弯曲梁的破坏过程，发现裂纹是带着损伤区向前扩展的．结论 笔者提出的方法是合理的便于工程应用的模拟混凝土裂纹扩展过程的方法。     

钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的研究

目的研究使钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱发生延性破坏时所需要确定的轴压比限值．方法通过对钢管、钢骨的简化处理，从界限破坏出发，分析了钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的组成，建立了界限破坏时的计算简图，进而推导出轴压比限值的理论计算公式．结果在确定了轴压比限值的计算公式基础上，对其进行了简化计算，根据不同的抗震等级确定了试验中3个试件的轴压比限值．结论钢管-钢骨混凝土框架柱比钢管混凝土核心柱的轴压比限制提高10％左右，其值随着钢骨含率的增加而提高．因此相比钢管混凝土核心柱，钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱具有更好的延性．     

土木工程结构健康监测的现状及发展

阐述了土木工程结构的安全性评估、健康监测及损伤诊断的必要性和迫切性,介绍了结构健康监测的定义及系统组成,综述了损伤识别的分类,重点对系统识别与模型修正作了详细的阐述,并对小波和神经网络在损伤识别领域的应用作了介绍。