Deterministic Polymorphic Engineering of MoTe2 for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications

Developing selective and coherent polymorphic crystals at the nanoscale offers a novel strategy for designing integrated architectures for photonic and optoelectronic applications such as metasurfaces, optical gratings, photodetectors, and image sensors. Here, a direct optical writing approach is demonstrated to deterministically create polymorphic 2D materials by locally inducing metallic 1T′-MoTe₂ on the semiconducting 2H-MoTe₂ host layer. In the polymorphic-engineered MoTe₂, 2H- and 1T′- crystalline phases exhibit strong optical contrast from near-infrared to telecom-band ranges (1–1.5 µm), due to the change in the band structure and increase in surface roughness. Sevenfold enhancement of third harmonic generation intensity is realized with conversion efficiency (susceptibility) of ≈1.7 × 10⁻⁷ (1.1 × 10⁻¹⁹ m² V⁻²) and ≈1.7 × 10⁻⁸ (0.3 × 10⁻¹⁹ m² V⁻²) for 1T′ and 2H-MoTe₂, respectively at telecom-band ultrafast pump laser. Lastly, based on polymorphic engineering on MoTe₂, a Schottky photodiode with a high photoresponsivity of 90 AW⁻¹ is demonstrated. This study proposes facile polymorphic engineered structures that will greatly benefit realizing integrated photonics and optoelectronic circuits.     

基于张量鲁棒主成分分析的视网膜眼底图像序列变化检测

在计算机辅助诊断系统中,视网膜眼底图像序列的变化检测是一项重要且具有挑战性的任务。针对视网膜眼底图像序列采样帧少、光照干扰大、难以获得稳健的背景模型,提出了一种基于张量鲁棒主成分分析(tensor robust principal component analysis, TRPCA)的变化检测方法。该方法以TRPCA为模型,通过对序列背景扩充,再利用张量分解而获得变化区域：首先,先选择出序列中最接近正常状态的一张图像作为背景模型;然后,通过预处理将单帧背景模型扩张成多帧背景使得背景模型包含更丰富的光照变化;接着,将整个序列建模为一个3维张量体;最后,利用总变分约束背景模型和变化区域的时空连续性,通过Tucker分解分离出背景模型,获得变化区域。实验结果表明,与基于矩阵的鲁棒主成分分析(matrix robust principal component analysis, Matrix RPCA)方法,Masked-RPCA方法以及不加总变分约束的TRPCA方法相比,基于总变分约束的TRPCA方法能够更准确地分离出变化区域,对血管和光照干扰更具有鲁棒性。     

基于边权表示学习的乌克兰互联网变化感知

2022年2月至7月期间,网络攻防频繁发生,乌克兰部分地区间接受到断网影响,其境内和边界网络连通情况发生了改变,通过对时间变化拐点的感知和变化区域的分析可敏锐捕捉网络异常变化的细节,为网络威胁预警、网络关键基础设施风险评估等提供重要的信息支持。本文针对2022年2月至7月期间乌克兰自治系统的路由变化进行研究,构建乌克兰自治系统动态网络拓扑,介绍动态网络分析方法,监测乌克兰网络变化,分析断网的时间、地点,并感知断网后网络发生异常的地区。通过与现实事件的对比分析,映射出互联网结构变化感知结果与实体军事冲突的相关性,为从互联网空间观测复杂战场态势提供了信息支撑。     

Business models for accelerating phase-out of coal based generation: Developing typologies and a discussion of the relative merits of alternative models

Coal-fired electricity generation accounts for more than 10 Gt, or roughly 30 %, of global CO₂ emissions, with the majority of coal-fired generation capacity located in developing countries. It is possible to significantly reduce emissions from older, expensive and inefficient coal plants at less than US$10/tCO₂e. However, in the absence of suitable business models and financing options, accelerated coal decommissioning may not transpire. Several business models have been tested, such as policy-based closure, buyout, and repurposing, and swapping for renewables. Features of different models can be combined to develop hybrid models. This paper develops typologies for alternative business models so that the available options can be clearly understood and compared. The paper also discusses the potential merits and drawbacks of each model. Rather than offering definitive answers on a suitable approach for coal transition. the paper aims to collate the experience thus far and highlight questions that require further examination.     

Integrating resilience in power system planning: A note for practitioners

In this article, we examine the need for integrating resilience against natural disasters in power system planning through a review of the recent literature including guidance notes prepared by multilateral development banks, US Department of Energy and the wider research community. We present the challenges faced by practitioners in implementing resilience-centric analyses, especially in developing countries where data availability is a critical constraint and development of bespoke models for each system/country is an arduous if not an impossible task. This is followed by a discussion on how such planning analysis may still be constructed within the limitation of data, methodology and tools.     

虚拟惯量控制响应延时对控制效果的影响分析

电力电子接口电源通过虚拟惯量控制模拟同步机惯量响应,但控制过程存在响应延时。全面分析了延时对虚拟惯量控制效果的影响,发现延时并非越小越好。虚拟惯量控制可以降低频率变化率和最大频差两个指标。响应延时增大,扰动后短时间内平均频率变化率变大,但是,最大频差先下降后上升,并在某个延时取值处获得最优值。而且延时增大时调频功率峰值和能量峰值均降低,控制成本更小。虚拟惯量控制的目标不同时,对延时的要求不同。分析结论有助于更加全面地认识虚拟惯量控制的效果并指导实际应用。     

Just-in-time defect prediction for software hunks

Just-in-time defect prediction can remind software developers and managers to verify and fix bugs at the moment they appeared, thus improving the effectiveness and validity of bug fixing. Existing studies mainly focus on just-in-time prediction for software files (JIT-F). JIT-F is a binary classification problem, which classifies (hence predicts) a file change as buggy or clean. This article provides a detailed analysis of just-in-time defect prediction for software hunks (JIT-H), which predicts bugs at a finer level of granularity, and hence further improves the efficiency of bug fixing. Classification is performed using the ensemble technique of bagging—aggregated combinations of random under sampling plus multiple classifiers (J48 and Random Forest). An empirical study with 10 open source projects was conducted to validate the effectiveness of JIT-H. Experimental results show that JIT-H is effective at predicting defects in software hunk changes. Compared with JIT-F, JIT-H is more cost effective. Additionally, analysis on the change features indicates that Text Vector features and hunk change level features are of more importance than features in other groups and levels.     

引发产业变革的颠覆性技术内涵与遴选研究

引发产业变革的颠覆性技术具有技术突破性、产品替代性、市场广泛性与产业变革性特征,会对社会发展和人民生活产生深远的影响。本文首先从产业和技术角度出发,提出引发产业变革的颠覆性技术内涵;其次,建立相应的指标评价体系;最后,通过两轮问卷调查,以定性和定量相结合的方式,遴选出20多项引发产业变革的颠覆性技术,从而为进一步研究颠覆性技术与产业变革间的规律、开展技术预测工作提供支撑。     

Recent progress in thermoelectric nanocomposites based on solution-synthesized nanoheterostructures

Thermoelectric materials,which can convert waste heat into electricity,have received increasing research interest in recent years.This paper describes the recent progress in thermoelectric nanocomposites based on solution-synthesized nanoheterostructures.We start our discussion with the strategies of improving the power factor of a given material by using nanoheterostructures.Then we discuss the methods of decreasing thermal conductivity.Finally,we highlight a way of decoupling power factor and thermal conductivity,namely,incorporating phase-transition materials into a nanowire heterostructure.We have explored the lead telluride-copper telluride thermoelectric nanowire heterostructure in this work.Future possible ways to improve the figure of merit are discussed at the end of this paper.     

癸酸-正辛酸低温相变材料的制备和循环性能

本文研制了一种用于相变温度在0~5℃的冷藏运输系统的二元有机复合相变蓄冷材料。该材料由癸酸和辛酸按比例混合经超声波振荡后制得,质量配比为30∶70。通过步冷曲线法测定了不同质量配比的癸酸-正辛酸溶液的相变温度,利用相图确定了二元低共熔共晶点,此时的质量配比为30∶70。经差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得共晶溶液的相变温度为1.5℃,相变潜热为120.6 J/g。癸酸-正辛酸共晶混合物经过30次、60次结晶与熔化循环后,相变温度、相变潜热均未发生明显变化。测试结果表明,该相变蓄冷材料具有合适的相变温度、较高的相变潜热和良好的循环热稳定性,在蓄冷系统尤其是冷藏运输系统中有着很大的应用潜力。