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31.
32.
The fabrication and characterization of two‐photon polymerized features written within and outside of colloidal crystals is presented. Two‐photon polymerization (TPP) response diagrams are introduced and developed to map the polymerization and damage thresholds for features written via modulated beam rastering. The use of tris[4‐(7‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐9,9‐diethylfluoren‐2‐yl)phenyl]amine (AF‐350) as an initiator for TPP is demonstrated for the first time and TPP response diagrams illustrate the polymerization window. These diagrams also demonstrate that the polymerization behavior within and outside of colloidal crystals is similar and electron microscopy reveals nearly identical resolution. Fluorescence confocal microscopy further enables visualization of non‐self‐supporting, three‐dimensional TPP features within self‐assembled photonic crystals. Finally, microspot spectroscopy is collected from a two‐photon feature written within a colloidal crystal and this is compared with simulation. 相似文献
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35.
韩选江 《南京建筑工程学院学报》2002,(4):67-74
为有效保护地面上的生态环境,开发利用地下空间资源并营建新世纪的地下水城,在新的21世纪里将会建造更多的地下工程以满足人们生产生活的各种需要。文中介绍了地下工程施工中采用的逆作法、盾构法、新奥法、沉管隧道、顶管工程和大型沉井施工新技术,供同行们参考应用。 相似文献
36.
Markus Stolze 《Knowledge》1994,7(4):271-273
System development is strongly influenced by the perspectives used by system developers. Current development methods for knowledge-based systems are based on an information processing perspectives of experts and users which has been criticized by a number of researchers. The paper argues that work-oriented development of knowledge-based systems requires the parallel use of multiple perspectives (including the information processing perspective), and that the use of any single perspective is potentially dangerous. As an example of the importance of using multiple perspectives, thepaper presents the situated action perspective, and shows how it complements the information processing perspective. 相似文献
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38.
Joern Ploennigs Mario Neugebauer Klaus Kabitzsch 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2006,8(6):607-620
Large technical systems need to be designed both reliable and efficient. Specialized design tools offer therefore a simplified,
abstract design and extend details autonomously in the background. Analytic and simulation based models could improve the
quality by testing and dimensioning the design before implementation, but setting up the necessary models is time-consuming
and expensive. Therefore many developers ask for analysis tools which are able to create their models from the available information
in the design tools. This paper presents such an automated modeling approach basing on an existing design database at the
example of a network analysis for building automation fieldbuses. The process of automated modeling is unfolded, and the potentials
and limitations are discussed. 相似文献
39.
简单回顾了国内外在火电机组运行优化领域的研究历程,列举了目前国内外市场上针对火电机组的各种主流运行优化产品的功能特点和应用情况,分析了国外引进产品和国内自主研发产品在中国当前市场环境下各自的优势和劣势。介绍了当前运行优化系统在国内电站机组的应用现状,阐述了国内外运行优化系统在实际应用中存在的问题,并提出了相应的改进意见。对机组运行优化系统的未来发展进行了展望,指出机组运行优化系统将利用先进技术设备和信息平台,与电站管理紧密结合,在日益规范的市场中不断发展完善,为提高电站经济性发挥更大的作用。 相似文献
40.
An outline of the characteristics of PEEK and the versatility of its compositional forms (micro and macro composites) are given to illustrate its wide potential for success in engineering applications. Although it is necessary to have particular tabulations of mechanical properties for engineering design, these are seldom available and consequently it is argued that an understanding of stiffness, toughness and strength properties are required to fully exploit available manufacturer's data and thus develop the full potential of PEEK and its composites. Stiffness characteristics are considered in terms of a modulus function which is dependent on time under load and temperature. In its composite forms, whether reinforced with short or continuous fibres, stiffness anistropy can be both considerable and complex, but some empirical ground-rules are apparent. For continuous fibre composites even in the form of complex lay-ups, it is also possible to attempt some stiffness prediction from certain pseudo-elastic constants. Toughness of PEEK and its composites is described in terms of both comparative and intrinsic properties. Instrumented falling weight impact data, particularly as a function of temperature enable some insight into ductile-brittle transitions for the unreinforced material, but crack initiation and crack propagation processes for the various fibre reinforced forms. Intrinsic toughness is described in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanics theory. Strength properties are described for static and dynamic loading configurations. In particular, PEEK and its composites are evaluated for increasing test severities for strength characteristics; stress concentration, loading form and test temperature are considered. 相似文献