下辽河平原南部第三系含水层咸水入侵的调控

目的 为了控制下辽河平原南部第三系地下水区域性开采漏斗和明化镇组成水入侵,保护有限的淡水资源,对该区上第三系含水层地下水进行调控和管理,结束不合理的开发利用.方法 在满足该区域经济和社会发展的需水要求的前提下,从水位与水质两方面进行约束,通过响应矩阵建立研究区上第三系地下水资源管理模型.结果 提出在高升地区明化镇组增加开采量1.28万m3/d,缩减馆陶组大洼、红村和荣兴一带超采区的开采量2.12万m3/d,所缩减量调整到馆陶组的盘东、兴隆台、新立地区开采的优化方案,有效地控制了明化镇组地下水头开采漏斗现象发生.结论 优化方案可有效保护地下水集中开采区淡水资源,控制咸水入侵.并可作为该地区第三系地下水的可持续开发利用和水资源优化配置的技术依据.     

黄骅港海水淡化预处理工艺试验研究

在以渤海湾低温海水为原水的条件下,试验研究了混凝澄清、过滤和超微滤等作为海水淡化反渗透预处理工艺的可行性,并提取工程设计参数,分析了其预处理工艺效果,探索了优化运行工况。试验研究表明,黄骅港海水淡化反渗透的预处理工艺(混凝、澄清、过滤和超微滤)是可行的。     

反渗透海水淡化运行

介绍威海电厂海水淡化装置投产5a多的运行情况及针对运行中存在的问题采取的有效措施。针对反渗透设备的管道腐蚀、高压泵损坏、膜元件接头泄漏等问题,采取了将部分管道更换为双相不锈钢、泵房加装风机、增加填隙片的应对措施;针对海水浊度突变致使活性炭过滤器出水SDI超标,采取了调整过滤器反洗强度和反洗周期等措施;分析了活性炭过滤器运行中存在的问题,提出了将其改造成精密过滤器的必要性;结合反渗透膜化学清洗情况,分析了膜污染的原因,制定了有效的海水反渗透膜的清洗方案。经采取上述措施,确保了海水淡化设备的稳定运行。     

基于PTFE中空纤维膜的膜蒸馏技术处理浓海水

通过调节挤出头的尺寸和拉伸倍数,制备出4种不同壁厚和孔径的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）中空纤维膜。将PTFE中空纤维膜制成膜组件,采用真空膜蒸馏（VMD）技术处理浓海水。研究了PTFE中空纤维膜的壁厚和孔径、料液温度和流速、冷侧真空度等对产水通量和脱盐率的影响。结果表明：减小膜丝壁厚、增加膜孔径、提高料液温度、料液流速和冷侧真空度均可增加产水通量。但产水通量随浓缩倍数的增加而减小。整个实验过程中,4种PTFE中空纤维膜的脱盐率均保持在99.5%以上,且不受操作条件的影响。     

硫化钴共沉淀法分析核电厂周边海水中去钾总β活度

为简单、快速、高效评估核电厂运行对周边海洋环境的影响,本文建立了硫化钴共沉淀法快速分析海水中去钾总β活度。通过研究恒温温度、溶液初始pH值和恒温时间对Ag、Fe、Co和Sb富集率的影响,确定了冷却后上清液pH值是影响核素富集率的关键因素。通过研究正比计数器对60Co和137Cs的探测效率,确定采用60Co作为去钾总β方法的效率刻度校准源。采用本文所建立方法分析3?0 L海水样品,结果显示,方法的探测限为0?005 7 Bq/L。实际海水中去钾总β活度浓度的分析结果显示,其范围为0?083?0?113 Bq/L。加标验证实验结果表明,测量值与加标值的最大相对偏差为-8?33%,证实了本方法的准确性。     

碳钢试片实海电化学检测与腐蚀规律的相关性

引言 由于海水腐蚀的严重性和复杂性,材料在海洋环境中的腐蚀数据积累及试验研究一直受到各国的重视.美国ASTM曾委托LaQue腐蚀试验中心开展了全球14个海水腐蚀站点的材料腐蚀试验[1],为评价世界范围内海水的腐蚀性提供了依据.     

含海洋能发电的海岛微网源荷储容量优化配置研究

为了提高风能、太阳能和海洋能等可再生能源的利用率,并保证远洋海岛淡水供给,合理地配置微网的源荷储容量是海岛微网建设的关键。结合海岛特有的源荷特点,针对海岛微网源荷储容量配置所面临的问题,文中提出了一种含海洋能发电的远洋海岛微网源荷储容量优化配置方法。分析典型海岛微网结构,并建立波浪能、潮汐能及海水淡化等海岛特有的源荷模型;根据远洋海岛源荷运行特性,将外层容量配置优化和内层运行成本优化相结合,提出海岛微网源荷储容量配置的双层优化模型;考虑供电可靠性和居民用水需求,基于构建的海岛微网协调运行控制策略,利用粒子群算法对双层优化模型进行求解。算例分析表明,文中提出的优化配置方法可以更加合理地实现海岛源荷储容量配置,为未来远洋海岛微网建设提供理论依据和技术支撑。     

A comparison between alkali-activated slag/fly ash binders prepared with natural seawater and deionized water

In this research, the effects of natural seawater (SW) on the properties of alkali-activated slag/fly ash (AASF) are studied. AASF prepared with deionized water is set as the reference mixture. The results showed that the use of natural SW resulted in a prolonged setting time and lower heat release, but no obvious impact on the flowability of AASF specimens. The long-term compressive strength became higher when SW was used, whereas the corresponding flexural strength and fractural toughness turned lower. The use of SW induced the formation of new products that were not identified in the reference mixture, such as Cl–hydrocalumite and gypsum. In addition, it is evidenced that the dissolution of fly ash (FA) particles was significantly delayed with the incorporation of SW. All these results were related to the various ions introduced by the natural SW and their interactions with the alkaline activator as well as the precipitation of salts on slag and FA surfaces or in the matrix.     

The tribo-corrosion behavior of monolayer VN and multilayer VN/C hard coatings under simulated seawater

The monolayer VN as well as multilayer VN/C coatings were obtained on 316 L steel via physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology. Structure, mechanical property and tribo-corrosion behavior of monolayer VN and multilayer VN/C coatings under simulated seawater were estimated by corresponding detection equipment. After analysis, C nanolayer could break the grain growth of VN phase, which would enhance the coating toughness and inhibit the source of crack. At the same time, the multilayer structure interface could suppress the dislocation movement. In tribo-corrosion process, the corrosion current density (i_corr) of VN/C coating was 2.71 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm², which was 70.47% lower than that of VN coating (9.18 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm²), implying that the nano-multilayer structure of VN/C coating showed a strong barrier effect on corrosion medium. Moreover, the C nanolayer not only suppressed the permeation of simulated seawater, but also formed the transfer film to protect the substrate. Thus, the multilayer VN/C coating revealed stronger anti-wear and anti-corrosion abilities than the monolayer VN coating.     

Effect of seawater components on corrosion behavior of SUS316L in nitric acid solution containing metal ions

During the accident that occurred at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, a large volume of seawater was introduced as coolant into the storage pools for spent nuclear fuel. If this fuel is reprocessed, some components of seawater will be mixed with the nitric acid solution containing metal ions in the reprocessing process where stainless steels are used as structural material. In this study, we investigated the effect of seawater components in high active liquid waste (HAW) containing nitric acid and metal ions as fission products on the corrosion behavior of SUS316L stainless steel.

Corrosion tests were conducted in surrogate HAW containing artificial seawater (ASW). Intergranular corrosion was observed in the HAW with ASW, where Ru increased the corrosion potential to the transpassive region. An increase in the amount of ASW led to a decrease in the corrosion rate and suppression of intergranular corrosion. Interactions between Ru ions and seawater components, such as chloride ions, were indicated by the results of extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry analyses of the solution containing ASW and HAW.