Effects of irradiation in combination with waxing on the essential oils in orange peel

The study evaluated the effects of waxing, irradiation dose and post‐irradiation storage time on the essential oils in orange peel. Mature oranges (Maroc late) waxed or unwaxed were treated with 1 or 2 kGy radiation and stored for 9 weeks at 20 °C and 40–50% RH. Essential oils from the peel were extracted and analysed by GC. Results showed that D ‐limonene was significantly lower in waxed oranges; levels in samples treated with 2 kGy were higher than those in non‐irradiated or treated with 1 kGy. Linalool, methyl anthranilate and 3,7‐dimethyl‐2,6‐octadienal decreased as the dose increased. Levels of linalool increased with storage time but D ‐limonene was unaffected. These results may aid in guaranteeing the quality of orange essential oils during storage time. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fractionation and characterisation for antioxidant activity of hydrolysed whey protein

Whey protein isolate (WPI) was hydrolysed for 1 h using Alcalase, Protamex and Flavourzyme. Native WPI, hydrolysed WPI and two commercial WPI hydrolysates were subjected to fractionation by size exclusion chromatography. Antioxidant activity of WPI fractions was measured with a liposome‐oxidising system (50 µM FeCl₃/0.1 µM ascorbate, pH 7.0). Lipid oxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS). Gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis were run to identify the peptide composition. The influence of amino acid composition on antioxidant activity was evaluated using multivariate analysis methods (correlation analysis, principal component analysis, multiple linear regression and discriminant analysis). TBARS assays indicated the presence of antioxidant activity in all protein fractions, including non‐hydrolysed WPI. For native and hydrolysed WPI samples the first fraction (> 45 kDa) showed a higher TBARS inhibition effect (24–27%) when compared with lower‐molecular‐weight fractions and hydrolysate mixtures. In contrast, for commercial WPI hydrolysates a higher inhibitory effect was found in most of the lower‐molecular‐weight fractions (30–55%). The ability of WPI fractions to delay lipid oxidation was found to be related to the prevalence of histidine and hydrophobic amino acids. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)

Studies on the effect of temperature on the development of the yam moth, Dasyses rugosella Stainton were carried out in the laboratory at four different temperatures, 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C. The mean fecundity per female at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 37.6±1.9, 84.2±2.7, 112.3±3.9 and 109.3±3.9 eggs, respectively. Oviposition period ranged from 4.7 days at 20°C to 2.9 days at 33°C. Hatchability of eggs was highest at 29°C with 70.0% and lowest at 20°C with 15.0%. The developmental time decreased with increase in temperature. The mean developmental time at 20°C, 24°C, 29°C and 33°C was 13.8±0.3, 7.8±0.2, 5.1±0.2 and 3.9±0.2 days for the egg, 90.0±0.7, 50.1±0.7, 36.1±0.8 and 23.6±0.8 days for the larval stages, 22.3±2.6, 12.2±0.2, 10.1±0.1, and 7.8±0.2 days for the pupa and 126.1±0.8, 70.1±0.8, 51.3±0.9, and 35.1±0.8 days for the period from egg hatching to adult emergence, respectively. Since fecundity, oviposition and development of the moth were impaired at 20°C, storage of yam tubers at low temperatures (well below 20°C but not lower than 12°C to avoid chilling injury) will significantly retard the development of D. rugosella and help in its control. Unmated individuals lived longer than their mated counterparts. Adult females were always larger than the males. The wing span of the female ranges from 16.9-18.5 and in males from 13.0-15.0 mm. The body length for males ranged from 5.0-6.5 and was 6.5-9.0 mm for females.     

A new methodology to appraise the physical characteristics of maize silage by image processing: effect of the ensiling process

We present a new computer vision method for measuring the physical characteristics of maize silages based on the extraction of image textural features, namely five Haralick features, the moments of order 1 and 2 on the grey levels of the image, and a fractal parameter. To show the effectiveness of these features for characterising the physical properties of the maize silage, a trial was performed on three maize cultivars (Zea mays L, a mid–early hybrid and an early hybrid) to study the effects of the ensiling process. The features could discern effects of the ensiling process on the physical properties of the maize silage. These effects were neither significant by comparing particle size distributions, nor with chemical compositions, whereas a biological response (degradation in the rumen) to the ensiling process exists. Thus image textural features seemed to give new and interesting measurements of the physical properties of the silage, explaining the biological response better than other methods. Furthermore, the ensiling effect was not the same with all the maize types and varied with the proportion of large particles in the silages. Linear relations between features before and after the ensiling process made it possible to predict a measure on a silage knowing its value on the parent forage. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

模块化职务分析

章总结了职务分析方法在我国的应用情况，分析了需求特点，引入模块化的思想，提出了新的职务分析方法——模块化职务分析，认为职务分析的关键就是将工作中的各项任务进行整理，组成不同的工作模块。建立计算机辅助管理系统，时时调整、修改工作模块，对工作模块进行组合，形成职务，从而使职务分析趋于动态化。     

数字振荡器的实现原理与仿真编程

鉴于数字信号处理中的实时应用问题，探讨了数字滤波器的实时实现原理，包括离散时间网络结构的作用和离散时间信号处理的特点，重点介绍了实时应用中实现数字滤波器的基本思想，运用MATLAB和所导出的通用数字振荡器的系统函数对一个非正弦数字振荡器进行了仿真编程，还讨论了有关实时处理的几个重要的系统性质，表达了作者对于当前学习和应用数字信号处理方法的观点。     

勘探地球物理技术最新进展——２００２年ＳＥＧ年会综述Ⅱ：解释与压力预测

根据2002年SEG年会部分论文编译而成，包括解释技术和压力预测技术。概要性地介绍了偏移成像技术；新属性技术；自动地震相分析技术；油气检测技术；储层反演技术和2种实用的压力预测技术。     

中医药虚拟数据分析中心构建方法

分析了我国中医药数据分析作业方式的不足,试图通过建立网络数据分析中心,为中医药部门提供了一条实现网络化,标准化,信息化的思路.     

底部框剪砌体房屋空间弹塑性地震反应分析

本文提出了底部框剪砌体房屋这类上下混合承重结构体系的空间弹塑性地震反应时程分析方法。针对砌体结构和框架抗震墙结构截然不同的抗震性能，对上部砌体结构采用空间剪扭分析法，而对下部框架抗震墙结构采用空间协同分析法，建立了组合型串联刚片系振动模型。对单向和双向地震波输入结构层位移反应进行了比较。     

Specimen preparation and image processing and analysis techniques for automated quantification of concrete microcracks and voids

Specimen preparation and image processing/analysis techniques were developed for use in automated quantitative microstructural investigation of concrete, focusing on concrete microcracks and voids. Different specimen preparation techniques were developed for use in fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of concrete; then techniques produce a sharp contrast between microcracks/voids and the body of concrete. The image processing/analysis techniques developed specifically for use with concrete address the following usages: automatic threshold; development of intersecting microcracks/voids and connected voids; distinction of microcracks form voids based on geometric attributes; and noise filtration.