Aerobic biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Xiangjiang River sediment and microflora analysis

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs), was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently, the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d, generating two main degraded products: mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP, the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp., the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Rhizobium sp., and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.     

管道内穿管修复技术的应用

为解决城市地下金属管道由于常年连续运行时间长、防腐技术落后情况下产生漏铁、穿孔腐蚀等问题,阐述了利用管内穿管的先进技术解决地下管道的修复问题.该技术经应用后,施工质量满足使用要求,具有推广价值.     

黄河宁夏段河道淤积发展趋势分析

对黄河宁夏段河道淤积因素进行了分析论述,根据实测水文资料和径流模型对现状条件下宁夏河道泥沙淤积发展趋势进行了预测分析：2011—2020年年平均来水量可能为260亿～280亿m^3;2011—2020年宁夏河段的淤积情况可能与1986--1995年淤积情况相近,主槽年淤积速率可能为0．02～0．03m,如若支流来沙量大则年均淤积速率将可能达到0．05m,甚至更大一些．     

ECOMSED三维悬沙扩散数值模型在凤城港航道清淤工程建设中的应用

文章用ECOMSED三维近岸水动力泥沙数学模型对山东烟台凤城港附近海区的潮流场进行了较高分辨率数值模拟,在此基础上进一步建立了凤城港航道清淤工程过程中三维悬沙输运-扩散数学模型。该模型以航道中心为悬沙线源,根据工程过程中连续开挖的特点较好的引入泥沙输入源强,准确地模拟了该航道中连续开挖36小时,工程区域及其周围海域表、中和底层泥沙浓度分布特征及其随时间的变化规律。     

水土保持措施对汾河水库泥沙淤积的影响

对山西省汾河水库1962～2008年淤积情况的分析结果表明:水库淤积量总体呈减小趋势。汛期降水量和来水量是造成水库淤积的主要原因,实施水土保持措施可减少水库淤积。     

探索德国FH贯穿教学全过程应用型实验教学模式

针对培养具有国际化背景下高层次应用型人才的办学定位,分析了德国应用科学大学对工程技术专业的应用性人才的培养模式、实验课程设置、实践教学的过程控制,探索了工程技术专业课教学实践的教学改革和实践教学改革模式,提出了以培养学生的应用能力程序设计为目地的应用创新能力培养模式的一些构想。     

低渗透砂岩石油渗流的微观模拟实验研究

采用天然低渗透砂岩微观模型,通过与实际地质状况较为相似条件下的油驱水实验,模拟石油在低渗透砂岩孔隙内的渗流,分析和探讨了低渗透砂岩孔隙介质中石油的微观渗流机理.研究结果表明,石油在低渗透砂岩中渗流路径曲折复杂,运移渗流模式有稳定式、指进式和优势式3种;石油在低渗透砂岩中渗流存在启动压力梯度,启动压力梯度与砂岩孔隙度关系复杂,而与砂岩渗透率有很好的相关性;石油的渗流速度与驱替压力呈很好的相关性,石油以相同速度在不同渗透率级别的砂岩内渗流时所需要的驱替压力随砂岩渗透率的增大而降低.     

A reverse osmosis desalting plant operated by gas turbines

Power plants in Kuwait use gas turbines (GT) only for a few hours to produce power at peak load times. Peak loadoccurs in the summer due to the air-conditioning load. As an example, the average number of operating hours for six gas turbines in the Doha East power plant was 16 in the summer of 2001. There is little concern about efficiency of these GT since they work for a very short time during the year. However, a recent increase in desalted seawater demand suggests the use of these GT to operate reverse osmosis (RO) desalting systems all year around. The summer outside design temperature in Kuwait for air-conditioning calculations is 48°C dry bulb temperature (DBT), and 28°C wet bulb temperature (WBT); but the ambient temperature can easily reach 60°C. Gas turbine power output and efficiency are drastically reduced by the increase in temperature of intake air to the gas turbine's compressor, especially during harsh Kuwaiti summer conditions. Thus, it is essential to investigate cooling of air intake to the GT compressor. The performance of a typical GT unit and its ability to produce desalted waterby a RO desalting system at different ambient temperatures are presented. Calculation of needed capacities for the cooling of intake air to the GT compressor was performed for evaporative cooling, single and multiple mechanical vapor compression cycles, and combined indirect evaporation cooling with the refrigeration system. The improvements of power output and efficiency due to the cooling of air intake of the GT and the resulting increase in desalted water are also presented.     

Micro-computed tomography scanning approaches to quantify,parameterize and visualize bioturbation activity in clogged streambeds: A proof of concept

Fine particle clogging and faunal bioturbation are two key processes co-occurring in the hyporheic zone that potentially affect hyporheic exchange through modifications in the sediment structure of streambeds. Clogging results from excessive fine sediment infiltration and deposition in rivers, and it is known to decrease matrix porosity and potentially reduce permeability. Faunal bioturbation activity may compensate for the negative effect of clogging by reworking the sediment, increasing porosity, and preventing further infiltration of fines. Although both processes of clogging and bioturbation have received significant attention in the literature separately, their combined effects on streambed sediment structure are not well understood, mostly due to the lack of a standard methodology for their assessment. Here, we illustrate a novel methodology using X-ray computed tomography (CT), as proof of concept, to investigate how, together, clogging and bioturbation affect streambed porosity in a controlled flow-through flume. By visualising gallery formations of an upward conveyor macroinvertebrate; Lumbriculus variegatus as a model species, we quantified bioturbation activity in a clogged streambed, focusing on orientation, depth, and volume at downwelling and upwelling areas of the flume. Gallery creation increased the porosity of the streambed sediment, suggesting a potential improvement in permeability and a possible offset of clogging effects. We illustrate the promising use of X-ray CT as a tool to assess bioturbation in clogged streambeds, and the potential role of bioturbation activity supporting hyporheic exchange processes in streambeds, warranting further studies to understand the extent of bioturbation impacts in natural systems.     

Effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration and estimation accuracy of depth-average concentration in downstream reaches

The sediment regime in the middle Yangtze River has been significantly changed from quasi-equilibrium to nonequilibrium since the impoundment of the Three Georges Reservoir (TGR). To understand the effects of the TGR on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and estimation accuracy of mean concentration, vertical sediment concentration and flow velocity data at the Shashi and Jianli hydrological stations in the reach before and after the impoundment were collected. Comparisons and analysis of vertical profiles of SSC before and after the TGR impoundment show that after the impoundment of the TGR, due to the coarsening of sediment particle size, the reduction in sediment load, and the significant decrease in sediment saturation, the vertical distribution of SSC in the downstream reaches became more uneven under medium and low water flows, which was reflected in the vertical gradient and the fluctuation degree of SSC significantly increased. In addition, the depth-average sediment concentrations were calculated by the selected-point method and the mean values calculated by the “multi-point method” were regarded as the “true mean” to evaluate the accuracy of the mean value calculated by the “few-point method.” It was found that the relative errors for the selected-point method were mainly positive before impoundment but mainly negative after impoundment. Additionally, the correction factors of one-point, two-point, and three-point methods and the position of the near-bed substituted point for the five-point method were given to reduce the error when the point measurements were used to calculate the depth-average sediment concentration in the downstream reaches.