计及预测误差动态相关性的多风电场联合出力不确定性模型

为实现对多风电场联合出力不确定性的精细化建模,提出了计及预测误差动态相关性的多风电场联合出力不确定性建模方法。首先,分析了同区域风电场的出力及出力预测误差动态相关性特征。进一步,针对此特征,引入高维动态藤Copula理论,建立了多风电场预测出力及预测误差的联合分布模型。最终,将以上模型与基于Copula函数的离散卷积法相结合,建立了计及预测误差动态相关性的多风电场联合出力不确定性模型,并以置信区间对多风电场联合出力不确定性进行了离散化表征。仿真结果表明,对比其他模型,所提模型拟合精度更高,拟合过程与预测方法解耦,灵活性更强。     

Frictional anisotropy of oriented carbon nanotube surfaces

This report examines highly anisotropic tribological behavior of multi-walled nanotube films oriented in mutually orthogonal directions. The average values of coefficient of friction varied from extremely high values (=0.795) for vertically aligned nanotubes grown on rigid substrates to very low values (=0.090) for nanotubes dispersed flat on the same substrates. The results were insensitive to humidity, in contrast to graphite materials, and indicate that nanotubes could be utilized as both low and high frictional surfaces.     

一种新的切削刚度系数识别方法

在研究机床切削系统稳定性极限预测的过程中，切削刚度系数ke的准确识别是其中最为关键的一项工作。文中在对刀架施加振动激励，变稳态切削为动态切削的基础上．以动态切削力为研究对象，推导切削刚度系数ke的数学模型，并在切削试验中通过对动态切削力信号及其与振动位移信号相位差的测量，准确有效地识别切削刚度系数ke。试验结果表明，文中的切削刚度的识别方法可以为机床切削系统稳定性预测理论分析和试验研究提供更为准确的动力学参数。     

透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削过程刀具-工件摩擦特性

透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷是制造天线窗的主要材料之一,铣削过程中刀具-工件摩擦特性与加工表面形貌紧密相关.本文以透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工为研究对象,通过分析加工过程中刀具-工件接触关系得到摩擦接触区域主要集中于切削刃后刀面与工件表面;探究了不同加工机理下接触区域摩擦机理,塑性域加工摩擦机理为粘着摩擦、刀具表面粗糙度波峰犁沟摩擦和陶瓷粉末滚动摩擦,脆性域加工还包含碎裂型陶瓷颗粒犁沟摩擦;在此基础上应用已有的微观表面形态与表面接触的摩擦力及摩擦系数理论给出了Si_3N_4陶瓷与铣刀材料的摩擦系数计算公式;通过实验对分析结果进行了验证.结果表明:透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷加工机理转变的临界切深值大于0.3 mm且小于0.4 mm;摩擦系数计算公式最大误差率为20.46%,能在一定程度上反映加工过程中摩擦特性演化规律;加工机理初始转变阶段,摩擦系数值降低,且摩擦系数对表面粗糙度影响呈现三阶多项式分布规律.该研究为提高透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工表面质量提供了参考.     

基于二维复数离散小波包变换的桥面裂缝检测

为了解决传统桥梁维护检测依靠检测人员进行现场测量,造成桥面检测效率低下且耗费巨大的问题,提出了一种基于二维复数离散小波包变换的桥面裂缝检测方法.采用无人机对桥面图像进行采集,并通过二维复数离散小波包变换来提取桥面裂痕特征.根据频域的角度范围设计了一维非分离滤波器计算小波变换需要的方向分量,并将该分量应用到通过2D-CWPT所获得的小波系数中,从而提取任意方向上的图像特征.采用提出的桥面裂缝检测方法对桥面裂缝进行检测,实验提取到了桥面裂纹的多方特征,验证了本方案的有效性.     

改性碳纳米管/高密度聚乙烯复合材料正温度系数性能

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体,改性的碳纳米管(CNTs)为导电填料,采用熔融法制备正温度系数(positive temperature coefficient,PTC)复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和热敏电阻曲线测试仪以及冲击试验机等,观察CNTs/HDPE复合材料的微观形貌,研究PTC效应随CNTs含量变化规律及对力学性能的影响。结果表明:CNTs在HDPE基体中分散性较好;当CNTS含量在体积分数为9%时,CNTs/HDPE复合材料的室温电阻率为102?·cm,PTC强度达4个数量级;HDPE基体中加入经过表面修饰过的CNTs后,复合材料的力学性能明显提高。当CNTs的体积含量在8%时,复合材料的冲击性能较纯HDPE提高了93%。     

攀枝花尾矿制备透水混凝土的实验研究

以攀枝花尾矿为原料制备透水混凝土,采用填充体积法进行配合比设计,通过投料法和插捣法进行透水混凝土的搅拌成型,考察了水灰比(W/C)、设计孔隙率等对试块性能的影响。结果表明,当设计孔隙率P为15%,水灰比为0.30时试块抗压强度达到最大值29.2 MPa,并且透水系数2 mm/s,能达到一般轻型抗压透水施工要求。     

Investigation of non-isothermal crystallization,dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of poly(ether-ketone) matrix composites

ABSTRACT

Poly(ether-ketone)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composites reinforced with micrometer-sized h-BN particles were investigated. The composites exhibited glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability over 160°C and 560°C, respectively. The melting point and peak crystallization temperatures of the composites decreased up to 17°C and 12°C, respectively. The linear CTE of the composites decreased both below and above the T_g. The storage modulus increased with increasing h-BN content at all temperatures (50–250°C). The composites possessed excellent dielectric properties with insignificant dispersion with increasing frequency. Thus, resultant composites are promising candidates for the printed circuit boards/electronic substrates.     

Swelling Pressure of Wet Rice Grains Estimated from Distribution Coefficients of Saccharides

The apparent density and porosity of four rice cultivars, Koshihikari, Yumepirika, Habutaemochi, and Kitayukimochi, decreased and increased, respectively, with the increasing temperature in the range of 5 °C to 60 °C. Especially large changes in both apparent density and porosity were observed at 60 °C, which can be ascribed to the starch gelatinization of rice. The swelling pressures of wet rice grains were estimated to be 7.5, 6.3, 6.2, and 5.9 MPa at 25 °C for Koshihikari, Yumepirika, Habutaemochi, and Kitayukimochi, respectively, from the distribution coefficients of solutes with different molar volumes. Rice grains having higher amylose content exhibited a weak tendency toward higher swelling pressure. The distribution coefficients of fructose for the Koshihikari and Habutaemochi cultivars were larger at higher temperatures, but the temperature dependence of the swelling pressure was not significant for both cultivars. These results suggested that the increase in the distribution coefficient was caused by the gradual relaxation of the interior structure of rice with increasing temperature.     

类铀矿岩材料制备及氡扩散系数测定的实验研究

扩散过程是主导氡在铀矿岩中运移与析出的主要方式。铀矿原岩辐射较大且取样困难,不利于开展有关室内实验。为了解决以上问题,依据相似理论,以某花岗岩为原型,选取石英砂、铀尾砂、水泥、精铁粉和微硅粉等为原材料,制备了3种不同材料配比的圆柱形类铀矿岩试样,并测定了原型和试样的物理力学参数;然后采用密闭腔体法测量了原型和试样在不同包裹方式下的累积氡浓度,推导氡的扩散性能参数的计算公式,通过计算获得了原型和试样的氡扩散长度和扩散系数。实验结果表明:花岗岩原型与所制备的类铀矿岩的颗粒密度、抗压强度、抗拉强度、内聚力和内摩擦角相似比的均值分别为1.09∶1、3.93∶1、4.28∶1、3.47∶1和1.00∶1;花岗岩原型的扩散系数为0.146×10^-6m²·s^-1,类铀矿岩的扩散系数介于0.114×10^-6～0.594×10^-6m²·s^-1之间,两者的相似比介于0.25∶1～1.28∶1之间。研究认为所制备的试样3在一定程度上可用来模拟花岗岩型铀矿岩,以满足室内实验的需求。