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21.
Previous research has shown that under certain conditions environmental cues associated with morphine administration induce drug-opposite conditioned effects that mimic symptoms of opiate withdrawal. R. V. McDonald and S. Siegel (see record 2004-10475-001) extend these observations by demonstrating that acute exposure to a low dose of morphine induces symptoms of opiate withdrawal in rats previously exposed to a high dose of morphine. They hypothesized that early drug onset cues, repeatedly paired with later, larger drug effects, mediate the paradoxical effect of the low drug dose on behavior. They also hypothesized that conditioned withdrawal symptoms induced by the early drug onset cues may mediate the "priming" effect of drugs on relapse and craving. The authors of this comment discuss the degree to which the literature supports this hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
22.
K. Y. Cheah T. S. Tang Fujio Mizukami Shu-ichi Niwa Makoto Toba Y. M. Choo 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(5):410-416
A new catalyst, ruthenium-tin-alumina is found to selectively hydrogenate oleic acid to 9-octadecen-1-ol (oleyl + elaidyl
alcohol) at low pressure with high yield. Catalyst preparation methods, catalyst raw materials and activation conditions have
a significant effect on the activity of the catalyst. The optimum atomic ratio of ruthenium to tin is about 1:2. Catalyst
prepared by an improved sol-gel method shows higher activity and selectivity than catalysts prepared by impregnation and coprecipitation
methods. Chloride is found to have a negative effect on catalytic activity. The best catalyst is prepared from chloride-free
ruthenium and tin raw materials. Under the optimum reaction conditions of 250°C and 5.6 MPa, the selectivities for 9-octadecen-1-ol
and total alcohol (9-octadecen-1-ol + stearyl alcohol) formation are 80.9% and 97%, respectively, at a conversion of 81.3%. 相似文献
23.
在SHBWR汽液平衡方程、幂函数型动力学方程的基础上,假定每个催化床层为-全混流反应器,建立了碳三催化蒸馏选择加氢数学模型,利用二阶P-K算法进行收敛计算。提出了给反应速率方程添加收敛引子,结合“向上逐层累加”法使模型收敛的方案。 相似文献
24.
25.
本文综述我们对电脑气体选择性激发产生变色发光的理论研究和实验研究,并探讨这种类型变色发光的实际应用。 相似文献
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The simultaneous grinding/agglormeration process has been used to beneficiate Minto coal. Experiments with the Szego Mill, a planetary ring-roller mill with grooved rollers, have given good results. Different roller ridge/groove sizes have been tested and favourable oil-coal-water ratios established. Ash removal is closely related to grinding performance. Very short mill residence times, of the order of 10 seconds, are sufficient for microagglomerate formation. Considerable equipment and operating cost savings are possible with the modified process. 相似文献
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29.
Gas-phase selective oxidation of toluene has been carried out on vanadium oxide systems (5–20 wt.% of V2O5, equivalent to 0.4–1.7 theoretical monolayers) supported on TiO2–sepiolite (with titania loading around the theoretical monolayer, 12 wt.%) and on sepiolite. A study has been made on both the influence of vanadia loading and of the support on the catalytic behaviour of the supported vanadium systems. The reducibility by H2 TPR was also studied as well as the acid and basic/redox sites from the results of conversion of the 2-propanol test reaction of the solids. Benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and several coupling products were the main ones detected, attaining over 50% selectivity towards the benzaldehyde and benzoic acid products at a total conversion around 10%. The activity and selectivity to the selective products exhibited by vanadium systems supported on mixed support were superior to those exhibited by the systems supported on sepiolite and increased notably in both series with the increase in vanadium loading. The best catalytic behaviour exhibited by the vanadium systems supported on mixed support, which also exhibited the highest density of sites capable of being reduced (as well as their reducibility) and of those responsible for propanone formation, could be attributed not only to the different balance of the vanadia species existing in the two supports (monomeric + oligomeric/polymeric), but also to such other factors as the nature of the support and, concretely, its chemical composition. 相似文献
30.
钛硅选择性氧化催化剂的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
过渡金属钼、钨、钛、钒等的高价态络合物能有效催化有机过氧化物进行烯烃的环氧化反应。以Mo(Ⅵ)络合物在有机相中催化过氧化烃来氧化丙烯生产环氧丙烷的方法称之为间接氧化法,是生产环氧丙烷的主要方法之一。70年代初,荷兰Shel研究所发现Ti(Ⅳ)高分散负... 相似文献