Precise identification of moving vehicular parameters based on improved glowworm swarm optimization algorithm

This paper proposes an indirect method for the identification of moving vehicular parameters using the dynamic responses of the vehicle. The moving vehicle is modelled as 2-DOF system with 5 parameters and 4-DOF system with 12 parameters, respectively. Finite element method is used to establish the equation of the coupled bridge–vehicle system. The dynamic responses of the system are calculated by Newmark direct integration method. The parameter identification problem is transformed into an optimization problem by minimizing errors between the calculated dynamic responses of the moving vehicle and those of the simulated measured responses. Glowworm swarm optimization algorithm (GSO) is used to solve the objective function of the optimization problem. A local search method is introduced into the movement phase of GSO to enhance the accuracy and convergence rate of the algorithm. Several test cases are carried out to verify the efficiency of the proposed method and the results show that the vehicular parameters can be identified precisely with the present method and it is not sensitive to artificial measurement noise.     

Structural damage identification via time domain response and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method

The present work addresses the problem of structural damage identification built on the statistical inversion approach. Here, the damage state of the structure is continuously described by a cohesion parameter, which is spatially discretized by the finite element method. The inverse problem of damage identification is then posed as the determination of the posterior probability densities of the nodal cohesion parameters. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, implemented with the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, is considered in order to approximate the posterior probabilities by drawing samples from the desired joint posterior probability density function. With this approach, prior information on the sought parameters can be used and the uncertainty concerning the known values of the material properties can be quantified in the estimation of the cohesion parameters. The assessment of the proposed approach has been performed by means of numerical simulations on a simply supported Euler–Bernoulli beam. The damage identification and assessment are performed considering time domain response data. Different damage scenarios and noise levels were addressed, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

单向拉伸条件下补片参数对复合材料胶接修复结构的影响

建立含中心半穿透圆孔的损伤金属板修补结构的三维有限元模型,以应力集中系数(Stress Concentration Factor,SCF)和挠度w作为复合材料胶接修复效果的指标,分析单向拉伸条件下,正方形补片的长度、厚度和铺层方式对修复效果的影响。结果表明:补片长度取孔直径的3.5倍、厚度取孔深度的0.6~0.8倍、铺层方式取0°/90°铺层时,复合材料单面修复含损伤裂纹板的效果较好。根据分析结果制备了实验件,进行了单向静拉伸实验,修补实验件的破坏强度比未修补实验件提高了10.1%。     

CrMoWV钢的应力松弛行为及其预测

以12Cr-1Mo-1W-0.25V耐热钢550,600℃的8760h松弛实验数据作为对象,研究短时间松弛数据准确而有效预测长时间松弛应力的方法。在采用松弛模型对长时间松弛应力进行直接拟合外推时,发现模型参数与所采用拟合数据的时间长度呈规律性的变化。提出考虑模型参数规律变化的时序参数法,以高精度预测长时间松弛应力。通过对比时序参数法与直接拟合外推法的预测结果,认为时序参数法在用短时间松弛数据预测长时间松弛应力上具有明显优势,预测结果的准确性较直接外推法高。     

P92钢蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为EI北大核心CSCD

在630℃下,对P92钢进行应力控制下的蠕变-疲劳交互作用实验,研究P92钢高温蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为,并结合断口形貌分析蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展的机理以及a-N曲线的转折点含义。结果表明:P92钢在蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的断裂属于蠕变韧性断裂,应该用(C_t)_(avg)作为裂纹扩展的断裂参量;P92钢在蠕变-疲劳交互条件下,试样的断口主要表现为蠕变孔洞以及微裂纹。此外,发现a-lg(N_i/N_f)曲线以及(da-dN)-N曲线中的拐点,分别对应蠕变-疲劳裂纹萌生区向扩展区转变周次以及扩展区向瞬断区转变的周次。     

基于LM算法的粘弹性材料剪切松弛模量的拟合

在对粘弹性材料进行有限元计算时,需要材料的剪切松弛模量,必须对经验公式或实验数据进行转换。根据KWW经验公式与广义Maxwell剪切松弛函数的对应关系,列出了求解松弛时间与剪切松弛模量的超定非线性方程组,用LM优化算法得到了方程组的最优解。初步讨论了初值的选取方法。根据此方法得到的松弛时间与剪切松弛模量的拟合曲线的拟合度达到了0.99以上。所提出的方法也适用于用实验数据(随时间变化的应力应变)求解材料的剪切松弛模量。     

Research Advances in Microfiber Humidity Sensors

An overview of the numerous latest research in microfiber humidity sensors is carried out with a specific focus on measurement methods, humidity sensitive materials, probe structures, and sensing properties of different sensors. First, five mainstream measurement structures, including taper, fiber grating, coupler, resonator, and interferometer are reviewed. It is concluded that these measurement structures sense the physicochemical property variations of microfibers or sensitive films and exhibit the change of optical signal when exposed to environment. Second, the basic preparation methods, humidity‐sensing properties, and their advantages and disadvantages as humidity sensitive material are addressed. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of all the above sensing structures are also discussed and compared. Finally, the main existing problems and potential solutions of microfiber humidity sensors are pointed out.     

一级应变硬化F316奥氏体不锈钢的高温蠕变性能

研究了在200 MPa应力下一级应变硬化F316奥氏体不锈钢在650℃、680℃和700℃的蠕变性能和蠕变断裂行为。结果表明： 在200 MPa 恒定应力下蠕变温度越高其蠕变寿命越短,稳态蠕变速率越大,由应力加载引起的瞬时应变越大。蠕变断裂方式主要为韧性断裂。蠕变孔洞主要分布在三叉晶界等脆弱部位,距离断口越远试样中孔洞的平均尺寸和孔洞面积百分比越小。在与断口距离相同的位置上,随着蠕变温度的提高蠕变孔洞的平均尺寸和面积百分比均明显增大。与未预应变的F316不锈钢相比,具有高密度孪晶的一级应变硬化F316不锈钢具有更大的蠕变抗力。分别基于Larson-Miller 参数法和θ参数法外推计算了350℃/200 MPa下的蠕变寿命,θ参数法的拟合曲线与实际蠕变曲线吻合得较好。根据Larson-Miller参数法和θ参数法,探讨了350℃/200 MPa下一级应变硬化F316奥氏体不锈钢长期服役蠕变可靠性。